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联想乐paid,清明节用英语怎么说?

admin admin 发表于2024-01-23 22:56:34 浏览18 评论0

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我新买的笔记本电脑键盘下面什么标签都没有

尊敬的联想用户您好!标签都是家电卖家贴的,建议您咨询相应的卖家。
更多问题您可以咨询
idea论坛:lenovobbs.lenovo.com.cn
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期待您满意的评价,感谢您对联想的支持,祝您生活愉快!
这种情况可以想到,电脑设置标签第一为了打广告,第二为了美观,lz的没有标签,可能是直接从厂里拿的,但是一般都是有的

英语外来词的文化分析及翻译

摘要:语言是反映社会生活的一面镜子,而作为语言最敏感、最活跃因素的词汇,则是观察社会生活变化的一个窗口。随着我国对外交往的日益频繁,来自英语的外来词(借词)日益增多,特别是在中国进行改革开放的新时期,中外文化的多层次、多渠道的交流为词语的借用提供了多种条件。文章通过对中文中英语外来词所涉及的内容、借用方式的详细归纳,探讨了这些外来词对我们民族传统观念和文化心理的影响。
  英语是当今世界上使用最广泛的语言,随着我国对外交往的日益频繁,来自英语的外来词(借词)日益增多,特别是在中国进行改革开放的新时期,中外文化的多层次、多渠道的交流为词语的借用提供了多种条件。中国加入WTO的成功,也将促使更多的英语词汇进入我们的生活。正如美国的语言学家萨丕尔所言:“一种语言对另一种语言最简单的影响是词的‘借贷'.只要有文化借贷,就可能把有关的词也借过来。”\[1\]汉语中从英语借来的大量新词就是这种文化交流和融合的产物。因此,我们可以从借词中窥见文化交流的方方面面,并通过词语借用方式来发掘沉积在一个民族心理结构中的深层内蕴。新时期源于英语的借词涉及哪些方面,它们是如何在汉语中“安家落户”的,又出现了哪些新的借入形式,这些外来词对我们民族传统观念和文化心理有何影响?这些正是本文所要探讨的内容。
  一、源自英语外来词所涉及的内容
  汉语所吸收的英语外来词许多是跟日常生活密切相关的词语。现代生活节奏加快,新事物、新产品不断涌现,这些在外来词吸收上可以得到明显反映。如在饮食方面:绿色食品 (green food)、肯德基 (Kentucky)、麦当劳 (McDonald's)、自助餐 (buffet)、奶昔 (milkshake)、热狗 (hot dog)、奶酪 (cheese)、土司 (toast)、三文鱼 (salmon)、沙丁鱼 (sardine)、配司 (paste)、西冷牛排(sirloin steak)、培根 (bacon)、速溶咖啡 (instant coffee)、扎啤 (a jar of beer)、雪碧 (Sprite)、可口可乐 (Coca-Cola)、百事可乐 (Pepsi-cola)、软饮料 (soft drink)。穿着方面有:牛仔裤 (jeans)、迷你裙 (miniskirt)、比基尼 (bikini)、运动夹克衫 (bi-swing)。日常用品方面:隐形眼镜 (contact lenses)、香波 (shampoo)、席梦思 (shermons)、腊克 (locquer)、马赛克 (mosaic)、特氟隆 (teflon)。交通工具方面:汽轮机列车 (turbotrain)、空中客车 (airbus)、ATV (air-terrain vehicle能行驶于各种地形的全地形汽车)等。此外还有桑拿浴 (sauna)、太阳浴 (suntan)、士多店 (store)、超市 (supermarket)、SOS儿童村、伟哥 (Viagra)、爱滋病 (AIDS)等等,也都与现代生活密切相关。
  在艺术、娱乐、体育方面,如:爵士乐 (jazz music)、肥皂剧 (soap opera)、迷幻摇滚乐 (acid rock)、摇滚舞音乐 (big beat)、爵士摇滚(jazz rock)、乡村摇滚 (rockability)、迪斯科 (disco)、霹雳舞 (break dance)、甲壳虫乐队 (the Beetles)、辣妹合唱组 (the Spice Girls)、派对 (party)、MTV (music television)、背景音乐 (background music)、迪斯尼乐园 (Disney land)、溜溜球 (yo-yo)、NBA (美国职业蓝球联赛)、呼啦圈(hula-hoop)、保龄球 (bowling)、高尔夫球 (golf)、拉力赛 (rally)、卡丁车 (karting)、蹦极跳 (bunge jumping)、飞镖 (boomerang)、水上芭蕾 (water ballet)、局点 (game point)、赛末点 (match point)、冠军点 (championship point)等。帕默尔说:“语言忠实地反映了一个民族的的全部历史、文化,忠实地反映了它的各种游戏和娱乐、各种信仰和偏见,这一点现在是十分清楚了。”\[2\]这一观点在此可以得到印证。
  大众传媒迅速发展使不同文化相互融合,有关西方道德文化价值观念的词也不断涌现:代沟 (generation gap)、文化差距 (culture gap)、单身母亲 (bachelor mother)、应召女郎 (call girl)、嬉皮士 (Hippies)、雅皮士 (Yuppies)、荫皮士 (Yumpies)、朋克 (punk)、*飞跑 (streaking)等等。随着社会分工日益明确,除了传统上的“白领阶层”(white collar)、“蓝领阶层”(blue collar)外,又出现了“灰领阶层”(gray collar,从事维修保养技术工作的人)、“粉领阶层”(pink collar,指从业人员多半为妇女的职业)和“铁领阶层”(iron collar,指机器人)。新的科学理论的创立和新技术的出现产生一批新词:高科技园 (hi-tech park)、硅谷 (silicon valley)、传真 (fax)、激光打印机 (laser printer)、电视电话 (videophone)、IC (集成电路)、DNA (脱氧核糖核酸)、试管婴儿 (test-tube baby)、克隆羊 (clone sheep)等都是近年才出现的新词。因此可以说语言所反映的就是科学理论的惊人进展及工艺技术的花样翻新。
  美国未来学家约翰·奈斯比特在他的著作《全球杂谈》(Global Paradox)中描述经济全球化的背景时指出,跨国界的计算机网络和信息高速公路 (information super-highway)的建立,使电视、电话、计算机连为一体,将整个世界变成了一个地球村 (global village)。大量的计算机词汇已经融入我们的日常用语,如:硬件 (hardware)、软件 (soft ware)、数据库 (data bank)、电子邮件 (E-mail)、因特网 (internet)、Windows98、鼠标 (mouse)、对话框 (dialog box)、超文本 (hypertext)和CAI (computer-assisted instruction,计算机辅助教学)。伴随互联网络的兴起,又出现了:网络人 (cybernaut)、网络冲浪者 (cybersurfer)、网迷 (cyber mania)、网络资源 (cyber source)、网吧 (cyber bar)、网络文化 (cyber culture)、环球网 (worldwide web)、远程网 (remote computer network)等。
  当今电讯技术得到长足发展,电子产品日新月异,这方面的借词已经进入我们的生活,例如:拷机 (call)、PPS电话机 (pocket phone service)、移动电话 (cellular phone)、CD (compact disc碟片)、VCD (video-compact disc,小影碟)、DVD (digital video disc,数码影音光碟;digital versatile disc,数码多功能光碟)、VTR (video tape recorder,磁带录像机)、VCR (video cassette recorder,盒式磁带录像机)、家庭录像 (family video)、毫微技术 (trinitron)。
  从以上举例可以看出,新时期来源于英语的借词,数量大、涉及面广,尤其是科技借词多。这一方面说明科学没有国界,人类创造的科学文化知识为全人类所共享。世界范围的科技交流传播使得某些科技术语由一种语言进入多种语言,为大多数文化群体所接受。另一方面也说明了英语作为国际通用语所具有的特殊地位和影响。
  “语言,像文化一样,很少是自给自足的。……邻居的人群互相接触,不论程度怎样,性质怎样,一般都足以引起某种语言上的交互影响。”\[3\]显然,前面所提及的借词是在改革开放的新的历史条件下,中国同国际交往的结果,它们充实丰富了汉语词汇。
  二、汉语对外来词所采用的翻译方式
  外来词要进入汉语的词汇系统,必须接受汉语的语音、语法和构词规则等各方面的改造,以符合汉语的发音习惯、语法和词汇规则。汉语的单音节、象形方块文字的特点等,使汉语对外来词的改造要比西方语言间的词语借用显得复杂,却又别具一格,更富于创造性。概括起来,汉语对外来词所采用的方式主要有以下几种:
  1.音译:用发音近似的汉字将外来语翻译过来,这种用于译音的汉字不再有其自身的原意,只保留其语音和书写形式,如:酷 (cool)、迪斯科 (disco)、欧佩克 (OPEC)、托福 (TOEFL)、雅皮士 (Yuppies)、特氟隆 (teflon)、比基尼 (bikini)、尤里卡 (EURECA)、披头士 (Beatles)、腊克 (locquer)、妈咪 (mummy)、朋克 (punk)、黑客 (hacker)、克隆 (clone)等。
  2.半音半意:这种方法主要用于复合外来词,可以分为两类。一是前半部分采用音译,后部分采用意译,如:呼拉圈 (hula-hoop)、冰淇淋 (ice-cream)、因特网 (internet)、道林纸 (Dowling paper)、唐宁街 (Downing street)等。另外一种是前半部分采用意译,后半部分采用音译,如:文化休克 (culture shock)、水上芭蕾 (water ballet)、奶昔 (milk shake)等。
  3.音译附加汉语语素:以单音节、双音节译词加汉语语素的借词使用最多:一类为音译语素加汉语语素,如:嘉年华会 (carnival+会)、高尔夫球 (golf+球)、保龄球 (bowling+球)、桑拿浴 (sauna+浴)、拉力赛 (rally+赛)、拷机 (call+机)等。另一类为汉语语素加音译语素,如:打的 (打+taxi)、小巴 (小+bus)、中巴 (中+bus)、酒吧 (酒+bar)等。其中音译语素有的代表一个英语单词,有的代表部分语素。汉语语素有的是词根语素,有的是词缀语素。
  4、音意兼顾:即选用接近外来词词义的汉字进行转写。汉语同音字多,为译名用字的筛选提供了方便。或者是部分或者是全部音意兼顾。如:施乐 (Xerox)、香波 (shampoo)、味美思 (vercuth)、销品茂 (shopping mall)等。汉语作为表意文字具有很强的审美意味,所选用汉字往往可以诱发人的联想。美国有一种叫Revlon的化妆品被巧妙地译为“露华浓”。“露华浓”一词取自唐朝诗人李白描写杨贵妃花容月貌的名诗《清平调三章》之一:“云想衣裳花想容,春风拂槛露华浓。若非群玉山头见,会向瑶台月下逢。”这可称为归化的音意兼顾的译法,堪称两全其美,体现了汉语在吸收外来词时特有的汉化处理功能。
  5.借译:按照外来词的形态结构和构词原理直译过来。例如:超人 (superman)、超级明星 (superstar)、超市 (supermarket)、毫微技术 (nano-technology)、千年虫 (millennium bug)、热线 (hot line)、冷战 (cold war)、绿卡 (green card)、情商 (emotional quotient)等。
  6.英文字母附加汉字:CT检查、BP机、T恤衫、IC卡、PHS电话机、SOS儿童村、三S研究会、ABC原则、OA病、BB仔、5A办公室、ABC革命、ZTZF学习等。
  7.英文字母缩写形式或单词:CD、VCD、DVD、DOS、TV、MTV、PC、BOT、CD-ROM、DNA、GRE、Windows98、cute等。
  从以上列举的实例不难看出,新时期外来词的输入的数量不断加大,而且外来词的借入形式又有了突破性的进展,主要表现为上面提到的6、7两种形式即用英文字母加上汉字或英文单词的“中西合壁”甚至“全洋”的词汇直接搬入汉语,一步到位,投入流通。这两种借入形式的出现,一方面显示出当今汉语与英语的接触已达到了“你中有我,我中有你”的相互交融的状态,说明了中国人的英语水平普遍提高了,汉语对外来词的承受能力正在加强;另一方面也说明了有些外来词的确难以译成简洁的汉语。例如:这种新的借词形式具有简洁、活泼、异域风味十足的特点,可以大大缩短外来语言信息进入汉语的过程。这两种新的借入形式的出现和存在是十分必要的并且具有一定的积极意义,对此,我们应有兼收并蓄的宽容态度。
  三、外来词借入的流向及其对当代中国人文化心理的影响
  从近十多年外来词借入的流向来看,汉语的新外来词有许多是从港、澳、台、广东等最开放的地区先行引进,尔后逐渐进入普通话的词汇系统的。例如:“脱口秀”(talk show)是电视、电台的一种访谈节目,先流行于港台地区,目前我们在报刊上常见到这个译词。“销品茂”(shopping mall)原意是“大型散步区的购物中心”。上海的一些大商场开始套用这个名称。“按揭”(mortgage)英文释义为“an agreement to have money lent, esp. so as to buy a house, by which the house or land belongs to the lender until money is paid.”意思是:“房屋抵押贷款”。“按揭”是粤语的音译。“按揭”这个音译词要比意译简单,颇有新意和广告效应,并且国际通用,所以大陆就仿效台湾。我们传统的民族文化心理在吸收外来词时,始终表现出一种倾向,即拒绝单纯的音译词,而乐于接受意译或部分意译。但是在新的历史条件下,人们传统观念正日益更新,更趋向于接受纯音译词,因此音译词数量迅速增加。
  下面几个新近从英语走进汉语音意俱佳的例子颇能说明问题:“黑客”和“克隆”这两个音译词已成为时髦词。“黑客”是指那些精通电脑并利用电脑蓄意破坏捣乱的人,他们不太光明正大,常躲在黑暗处做坏事,是电脑网络上的不速之客。“克隆” 一词,指无性繁殖。1997年“多利羊”在英国克隆成功后,“克隆”一词马上传遍全球,一时间涌现出“克隆猪”、“克隆鼠”、“克隆大熊猫”、甚至“克隆人”等新词。除此之外,还借入几个感叹词,“哇”、“酷”、“爽”。“哇”在汉语中只是一个象声词,但现在却常被人用来表示“惊奇”和“羡慕”。这个词的来源就是“WOW”,英语释义是“an expression of surprise and admiration”,其发音和“哇”相似。这个字首先在香港使用,然后南风北上,走遍全国。“酷”和“爽”源自英文词“cool”,其英文释义为“marvelous、wonderful”,意思是“棒、了不起、好的”。“酷”是音译,“爽”是意译,但意义不准确。国内某企业生产的一种冰茶就命名为“酷”,此商标名可谓新潮前卫。
  当前在外来词的使用上,出现了更为有趣的现象:一些外来词本来有意译形式,但现在人们更乐于使用音译或半音译形式或者整个英文单词,人们越来越不满足于旧有的模式,喜欢更具有新鲜感和吸引力的字眼,追求标新立异。
  人们在词语使用上正形成一种趋新、求雅、尚异的社会心理是与外来文化的影响和冲击分不开的。在商业广告中,外来词更为活跃。如“雪碧、可口可乐、摩托罗拉、奔驰”等。除了外国商标外,国内企业为了树立自己的品牌形象,把产品打入国际市场,使用英文词作品牌者亦屡见不鲜,例如:“海尔 (Haier)、海信 (Hisense)、双星 (Double Star)、捷安特 (Giant)、声乐 (Music)、四通 (Stone)、乐百氏 (Robust)、喜乐 (cheerio)、纳爱斯 (Nice)、柠檬 (Lemon)、脱普 (Top)、凯乐特 (Carrot)”等。更耐人寻味的是,国内一知名企业生产一种饮料名为“非常可乐”英文名为Future Cola,用意明显,似乎表明对美国的可口可乐殖民化提出挑战的决心,争做中国人的可乐。再如:“cute”(delightfully pretty and often small)意思是“小巧玲珑的,惹人喜爱的”。在广告词里我们常可听到这个词,“旺旺果冻好cute,好cute呀”。出现这种现象,一方面说明在利益驱动原则下商家追求广告效应,另一方面也迎合了时下人们对外国品牌趋之若骛的社会心态。同时它也折射出当代中国人(尤其是青年一代)对西方物质文明的向往和渴求。
  综上所述,从英语借入的外来词的频繁使用,反映了西方文化的介入是快速而全面的,已经渗透到我国城市、乡村的每一个角落。在改革开放新时期,来自英语的外来词不仅在量上有了一个变化,在质上也发生一个飞跃。将外语词原封不动地借入汉语,这在过去是不敢想的,这说明民族固有构词心理在外来词的吸收上出现了一些可喜的变化。人们正在以更加开放的心态和地球村的意识,积极吸收消化外来新词。“新词语是社会的产物,孰优孰劣,当由社会检验,去留取舍、还需时间决定,随着时间的推移,有的将昙花一现,有的进入语言共核 (common core)”。\[4\](P277)
  参考文献
  [1]Sapir, E. Language, New York: Harcourt Brace,1927.
  [2]Palmer, F. R. The Principles of Language Study, Oxford 1964.
  [3]邢福义。文化语言学\[M\].武汉:湖北教育出版社,1991.
  [4]顾嘉祖。语言与文化\[M\].上海:上海教育出版社,1996.
  作者简介:王开建(1968—),男,湖北省宜城市人,武汉理工大学外国语学院讲师。

高分请教英语达人--满意给300分

最重要的一点,就是:...如果想比别人成功,就一定要走捷径。不要期盼自己比别人幸运,也不要指望自己比别人更聪明或者更勤奋。从智力上说,从机遇上说,自己和别人都是差不了多少的,想超过和自己差不多的人,就一定要走捷径,捷径,捷径!
背单词捷径的第一条,就是:一定要每次都大量地背。因为自己不比别人聪明,所以背完单词,别人忘掉五分之一,自己决不会比别人忘得少。然而,别人每天背十个单词,自己却可以背一百个,忘掉五分之一,还剩八十个,是别人最聪明状态下的十倍。每天一百个是最低限。其实背到后来您会发现这个要求并不高,一个月后,您可能自然而然地就背到三百或者五百。
这四百个要分成四组来背,上午三十,中午十个,下午三十,晚上三十。第二天早晨复习以前没背下来的词。背的时候,要一目十词(注意,是十个而不是更多或更少),不要认认真真背,因为没有认认真真的时间。一边看一边读每个词的读音,默读也成。看完后回忆一遍,回忆不起来的再看。这次背的目的在于留下个大概印象,下次看见能知道这个词,所以背到大部分都能回忆得起来就成了,把剩下的词单独抄出来。
背单词捷径的第二条,就是:背字典!为什么要背字典呢?因为字典上每个词的解释比较全面,而且相同字母开头的单词都集中在一起。不是什么字典都可以拿来背的,一定要找只包含自己想背的词的字典。另外,最好有英文方式的解释和例句。而且,一定要有音标!如果是为了考TOFEL或者GRE,注意要选美音音标的字典。一般教材课文后面的词汇表都是为那些认认真真听课的好学生准备的,想走捷径就千万不要去背那些东西。
背字典的时候,按开头字母(Z,Y,X,Q,J,K,U)(V,W,N,O,L)(FG,IT,HM,BDE,R)(C,P,S,A)的顺序背,其中C, P,S,A每个都要分三部分背。这样背有几个好处:(一)能增加成就感,提高兴趣。至于为什么,您翻翻字典就明白了。;)(二)便于清楚地知道那些单词已经背过,那些还没背。(三)能先把最基本的词先掌握。三万单词里,分为三个等级:三千到四千,八千到一万,两万二到三万。也就是说,您得分别准备三本字典。这几个等级之间各自有非常不同的特性,所以需要分别用不同方法背。俺当时没有认识到这一点,所以在从一万到三万之间走了一段弯路,浪费了一些时间,不然或许能突破到五万吧。;)
所以,背单词捷径的下面这条就有了三个分支。背单词捷径的第三条,就是:和单词多见面。一个单词能不能记住,取决于和它在不同场合见面的频率,不在于每次看着它的时间长短(同样规律也适合于泡MM;))。一般想记住一个单词,每星期要和它在*不同场合*见三到四次面。俺在上文中提到大量背的时候,不要抠某一个字记住与否就是这个意思。因为是否一见钟情都是无所谓的,关键在于有更多不同类型的见面机会。不过,根据要背的单词的等级不同,增加见面机会的方式也有所不同。
第一个分支:瞎听!三千到四千这个等级,是非常常用的单词,而且几乎囊括了表达最基本思想所需要的一切词汇。每篇文章中百分之八十都是这些词汇,而且这些词都是最基本的语素(或称"词根"),就是分割到最小无法再分割,互相之间也没什么类似之处的东西。对付这些词的最好方法,就是进行大量的,不间断的,简单的初级听力练习。因为阅读材料中,还有百分之二十其他词汇,所以光凭这个等级的词还看不懂那些阅读材料。但是听力练习都是最基本的对话,而且发音一般很标准,多听能够增加单词的重复率,而且可以为以后背八千到一万那个等级的词打下语音基础。
听的时候,要分精听和泛听两部分。精听当然是指每个词都要弄懂,俺着重讲一下泛听(饭厅?;P)。泛听是最重要的,因为掌握语速和语调,以及总体印象都要靠泛听。而这些都是背八千到一万等级单词的基础?泛听能够让经常用到的词(也就是那些最必要掌握的词)把您的耳朵磨出茧子来,让您模模糊糊听到个音就能反应出它是什么意思。泛听中您听到的词,才是您真正应该记住的词,所以别害怕精听的时候什么都听不懂。到底什么是泛听呢?泛听,就是说您听的时候,精神要分散,要一边干着其他事(比如撮饭或和别人大声讨论撮饭;)~),一边有一搭没一搭地听着。泛听一定要见缝插针,一有机会就听着,最好耳机不离耳朵。;)而精听的意义就在于找出您没听清的那些词。啊哈,那就是您背过但还不熟悉的词了。:)把这些词单独记在另外一个地方,别跟没背下来的词混了。泛听要听精听已经听过的内容。比如精听听到了第二盘磁带,那么泛听就听第一盘磁带,正好。提醒您一句,千万别拿英语广播当自己的听力教材!!!顺便跟您推荐一套听力教材:武汉师范大学出的Step by Step.内容比较循序渐进,每一课开头的音乐也很好听。;)
第二个分支:狂看!八千到一万这个等级,基本包含了剩下的百分之二十。这些单词在听力教材里很难找到。但是,可不要停止听的练习呦,因为听能巩固您的语调感觉,而这是背这个等级单词的一个关键。不过,背这个等级的词,需要在听以外增加看的内容。看,同样要分精读和泛读两种。就象听一样,也是泛读更重要一些。泛读要挑不太长,能有耐心看完的文章,而且看不懂的词不要太多,一篇文章有两三个不认识的就足够了。千万不要一上来就看英语报刊杂志小说,那些东西不但很难看懂,而且看懂了也对背单词没什么促进作用。:Q泛读也需要大量练习,只要您有耐心,又有足够时间,就一直看下去吧!看的时候不要仔细阅读,扫一眼明白个大概意思就成了,然后把这一眼没看懂的词画上记号,别琢磨它是什么意思,继续扫描吧!全部看完之后,回头再看这些单词,有的可能已经想起来了,有的....还没想起来?那就查查字典,要是自己还没背过,就扔掉它,要是已经背过了,就单独抄下来吧,和听力练习中没听出来的词放在一起。
俺的经验是新概念第一二册,然后大学泛读课本前两册,然后是另外的一个泛读教程初级部分,然后新概念第三册,泛读课本第三册,某一种听力教材高级听力部分的教师用书,然后新概念第四册,泛读课本第四五册...这么个顺序进度比较合适。
第三个分支:乱说!这只适合背两万二到三万的词。因为其他的词不用说就已经背下来了。;)而这个等级的词在阅读材料里非常少,可能阅读十篇文章却一个这个等级的词也没有。所以靠阅读来增加见面机会已经不行了。这些词甚至有的老外一辈子都没见过,咋能指望他们能写出来呢?尤其是GRE词汇,什么"给马穿衣服 ","纽约的流氓","从非洲吹向南欧的风"....这些词都是一些精致的修辞,也就是说,如果您话里净是这些词,那您可以假冒一位学者了。;)一般的老外都是听不懂您说的这些话的,所以不用这些词也能表达同样的含义。好了,您的机会来了,您可以跟老外讲话中带上这些单词,然后很自豪地假装谦虚地跟他们解释这些词的含义。;)每次跟老外解释一两个词就足够了,老外会佩服您佩服得五体投地的。;)HL就向ws解释吧!要大胆而耐心,尤其是大胆。;)
这个阶段,您就别再练听力了,因为练了进步也不大。还记得开头那句话么?要想成功,得走捷径。凡是不能在短时期内取得巨大进步的行动,都不必浪费时间去做。不过,这时候的阅读材料成了问题:您会发现,过去看的东西觉得太浅没意思,看其他深的东西又看不懂。您还会发现一个新的有趣现象:那就是您想看的文章里,现在全是第一个等级的那些词,每个词您都确切知道它的含义,但整个文章您就是看不懂。;Q那您该看什么呢?就看第二个等级的那些浅显文章啊。虽然浅显,但能帮助您不至于忘了过去背出来的成果。至于您看不懂的那些文章,别着急,等您和老外交流多了,您自然就懂了,那都是一些词组、俚语或文法组成的文章。:)
背单词捷径的第四条,就是:联想,联想,联想,.....背单词的第一个动作是什么?端详一下它的外貌。第二第三个动作呢?看看它的内涵和发音。而第四个动作,就应该是联想,再联想.....联想它和其他背过的词有没有外表类似的?读音类似的?意思类似或相反的?如果有,就赶紧记在旁边,在另外那些词旁边也把这个词加上。这样,以后看见其他词,也会联想起这个词,等于又增加了一次见面机会。而且,在第二、第三个等级的词汇里,还有许多单词是由"前缀"," 词根","后缀"组成的,前缀比如"re","in","pseud"...,后缀比如"er","a","oid"...,然后共同组成一个新词。如果掌握了这些前后缀,就可以很方便地猜出一个生词到底什么意思。另外,有很多读音相近的词也有相似的意思,这在俚语、诗歌和儿童用语中更普遍。如果每天记 80个单词,一个月只能背2400个单词,但掌握了这些规律后,实际上背的速度越来越快,几乎一万多单词都是不用背就会了的。不过,在GRE单词中,有很多是既没有和其他词的关系,又没有前后缀,看起来既简单又记不住的单词。这些词里边有希腊语,意大利语,德语,拉丁语,甚至还有日语译音。这就只能靠和别人解释来掌握了。(HL一定要注意!)
背单词捷径的第五条,就是:复习!记得快,忘得也就快,这是一个非常正常的规律。在背单词的过程中,复习就显得非常重要。俺总结复习的规律是:十个单词复习一遍,然后三十个单词,然后是以前所有没背下来的单词。复习的时候,同样不必细抠,粗略地扫一遍就可以了,但一定要想它的读音(因为英语是象声的)。最后背不下来的单词,一定是不常用的,因为老外一样背不下来。;)每背完一个开头字母的单词,就要把前一个开头字母的复习一遍。然后每背完前文中括号里面的开头字母,就把上一个括号里的复习一遍。复习的时候,要先看英文翻译中文意思来一遍,然后再看着中文想它的英文单词再来一遍。前面说过,在泛听,泛读中忘了的词要和背的时候就记不住的词分着记下来,就是为了在复习的时候区别对待。忘了的词,要每天看一遍,会了就划掉,而记不住的词则在背完了整个字母以后,单独背一下这些词,平常就不用看了。GRE单词的复习方法非常奇怪:它需要进行填字游戏。也就是说,盖住单词的一部分,然后想整个词是怎么拼。另外,还得想它的同义词,近义词,反义词。
而且,有时间可以玩一玩www.bbc.com中文版中的单词大师
学习英语有捷径 培养兴趣最重要
在现今分秒必争,资讯发达的时代中,语文能力的培养将不仅是学校的一门功课而已,无论贸易、出国考察、外交、观光旅游,甚至考试、就业、升迁在在都需要外语。近年来更由於国外贸易的频繁,科技的引进,学习英语的风气蔚为时尚。据调查报告显示,国内十年来英语人口急增数十倍,学习人口已超过五百万人,且比例仍在激增当中;据专家表示,再五年时光,不懂英语将成为「文盲」,极易流为失业人口,因此学好外语乃现代人必修课程;但目前众多的学习人口中,有1/3的学习者,却因兴趣缺乏而放弃学习,以致说不出流利的英语。
国内著名的语文专家,台大外文系的颜元叔教授说过:要学好英文就要先克服「心理障碍」,学英文正像学其它任何东西一样,心态很重要。绝不要有怨怼之心。许多的青年一看到英语就皱眉头,他们让大脑告诉自己:「我不喜欢英文!」这种先入为主的成见,一开始就扼杀了学英文的生机。一个人生下来直至死去,无时无刻不与语言为伍,英文跟中文同样是语言,你根本不会不喜欢;至少说,没什麼喜不喜欢。语言就像饮水,你能不喝吗?所以,喜欢不喜欢英文,全是后天造成的。譬喻说,一开始发因没搞好,看到英文字「不知从何说起」;或者英文老师你不喜欢,讨厌老师也就讨厌上英文课;如此等等的理由却教人掷英文课本而兴叹,但这都不是真正的理由,就算你把英文当作Necessary evil(必要的邪恶),人生就是语言,若有人说:「我不喜欢中文」,这等於是说「我不欢活下去」。这个邪恶你必须去学习它,因为这已是时代必定的趋势,会成功的人,就是擅於把「必要之事」化为「善欢之事」。把不喜欢变成有兴趣。故学习英语当务之急首在「培养兴趣」。
早期学英语,早已形成社会风气,早期学英语者无论在考试或谋职上便占尽了便宜,为了让您得到公平,赶上时代之趋势,以免被淘汰,在新年度起,拟定一套学好英语的计画,充实自己。
目前国内的学生均视英语为最难的科目,甚至有人直到毕业还写不出完整的二十六个字母,而大多数者虽然能看一点,但说到「听」、「说」和「写」,就傻了眼,究其原因就是缺乏学习无正确的学习方法。在我们学习英语书过程中,是否常发生下列问题?
1. 您是否只能开口说一些简单的英文句子,而无法完整表达意思,因为您担心文法错误?
2. 您是否常忘记所背过的单字与文法规则?
3. 您是否说英文时,先想中文再试著将它翻作英文?
4. 您是否觉得枉花了许多时间而仍无法掌握学习英文的重点?
5. 您是否觉得自己的英文「阅读能力」强过「听」与「说」的能力。
6. 您是否有时听老美讲话,似乎听得懂,但是却要再思考一下才能了解涵义,但每当停下来思考时就会漏听下一句话?
为什麼我们一再读文法、背单字,却因句型不熟而不能立即运用,总是背背忘忘,而无法学好英语。事实上,学好英文有三大要件:
(一) 培养正确的「语法习惯」。
(二) 训练用英语思考的能力。
(三) 进行实际的会话练习。
根据语言自然学习法则,学英语首先会听、会说、再去读,而后才会去写,听不懂英语的学生是不可能读好英语或写好英语的,也就是说要先学习「听、讲」->「语」然后在学「文」,也就是研究文法。我们以前学习国、台语就是以此自然的原则,美国人学习英语或日语也不会笨到先去学文法,若先学了「文法」以后您要开口说话时,必想文法,就无法说出流利的语句。试问:您用台语或国语说「我口很渴,要去喝一罐可乐」,您会不会去想文法:我->主词,口->名词,渴->形容词,喝->动词,可乐->名词。相信绝对不会的。为什麼?因为我们耳已养成了正确的语法习惯。因此在学习英语时,首先应先训练自己多听,习惯正确的英语发音及口语化,并试著去模仿,不要怕、多听敢讲,才是最重要的,至於学习「读与写」是其次,也就是说先把英语的发音和音调当作一种习惯的养成,然后辅以第二阶段「声音与思想」强力的结合,如此便产生直觉反应,这也正符合人类学习语言的两大环境原则,说之「先语后文」的观念是必须建立的,如此学习语言就能事半功倍。
当我们养成了语法习惯的正确用法之后,我们必须更注意一件事:在我们讲英语时,总是先想中文再翻译成英语,一但我们了解这段的意思,留在脑海里只是深刻的中文印象,而英文本身的印象却模糊不清。事实上只有在我们完全脱离中文的窠臼,让自己进入英语全面思考的环境下,脑海理想的是英语的字汇与结构,而很自然的会去寻找与之匹配的正确英语。
当您熟悉了语法习惯,并能用英文思考后,亦需要「实际练习」帮助您达到熟能生巧的境界!首先(一)密集的听录音带->看课本->先大概了解含义->口中模仿说出->使声音与意思初步结合(二)听录音带->确实分辨声音的区别->心中明了其含义->完全进入英语的世界。(三)看课本及图片->说出正确的英语->逐渐养成英文思考的习惯->对意思产生反应而能自然说出。(四)再思考方才所学而自然脱口而出心中的回想,当您这样练习时,即使是您独自学习也彷佛有人与您实际交谈,相信对您的英语定有助益。
学英语有捷径吗?当然没有。学英语有方法吗?当然有。
做任何事情都一定会有最优的方法,学英语也肯定有方法,如果不得其法,必然事倍功半,但是再好的方法如果没有踏实的努力做基础,那么也只能是纸上谈兵,毫无用处。
如果你问,学英语有捷径吗?我说没有,所谓捷径就是不费力气到达目的地的路径,至今还没有听说有哪个人通过学英语的捷径学好了英语,如果有这样的捷径,那么拥有这个捷径的人一定已经发了大财了。实践证明学英语是没有捷径可走的。
那么学英语有方法吗?答案是肯定的。大家在学习过程中都知道学习有方法,有好学习方法的人可以轻松的将课程学好,得到好的成绩,或者做出好的成果。学习英语既然有方法,那么就一定有一个最好的方法。我们的目标就是找到好的方法,用最短的时间把英语学好。做事情不努力不会成功,但如果不得其法也是不可能成功的。有人学习从来不讲方法,一头扎进知识的海洋中,结果永无出头之日。这是对自己精力的浪费。为什么我们在学校里学了这么多年的英语,英语还是没有学好呢?一方面是因为我们的有效学习时间不够,虽然天天都有英语课,但每节课我们都有效利用了吗?另一方面,就是方法不对,学习方法不对路,导致我们学习英语的效率特别低。所以,我们需要寻找更有效的方法。
世界上不可能有一个对任何人都适用的方法,因为每个人都有自己的特殊情况。所以,才有“师傅领上门,巧妙在个人”的说法,才有“因材施教”的说法。有一些规则,有一些标准,如果你遵循了,那么你的英语学习道路就会相对轻松,这就是方法。如果,你找到了在最短时间内达到最好效果的方法,那么这就是最好的方法。
首先分析自己的情况,自己的年龄,自己的英语基础如何。现在,学习英语的方法很多,比较有名的如:疯狂英语,逆向法学英语,千万别学英语等等。可以将这些书买来看一下,系统的研究一下各种方法,然后确定自己该怎么做。上面三种方法,都是看了后让人精神振奋的方法,有许多人通过这些方法获得了成功,也有许多人中途放弃了,认为方法不合适。
方法只是一种手段,不要被方法迷住了眼睛,更不要迷信方法。不要只是去追求花样,而是要踏踏实实地静下心来学习英语。你的目标是学好英语,不是研究方法。所以,记住:不要掉进方法的陷阱
怎样学好英语
想学好英语,首先要培养对英语的兴趣。“兴趣是最好的老师”,兴趣是学习英语的巨大动力,有了兴趣,学习就会事半功倍。我们都有这样的经验:喜欢的事,就容易坚持下去;不喜欢的事,是很难坚持下去的。而兴趣不是与生俱来的,需要培养。有的同学说:“我一看到英语就头疼,怎么能培养对英语的兴趣呢?”还有的同学说:“英语单词我今天记了明天忘,我太笨了,唉,我算没治了。”这都是缺乏信心的表现。初学英语时,没有掌握正确的学习方法,没有树立必胜的信心,缺乏了克服困难的勇气,丧失了上进的动力,稍遇失败,就会向挫折缴枪,向困难低头。你就会感到英语是一门枯燥无味的学科,学了一段时间之后,学习积极性也逐渐降低,自然也就不会取得好成绩。但是,只要在老师的帮助下,认识到学英语的必要性,用正确的态度对待英语学习,用科学的方法指导学习。开始时多参加一些英语方面的活动,比如 ,唱英文歌、做英语游戏、读英语幽默短文、练习口头对话等。时间长了,懂得多了,就有了兴趣,当然,学习起来就有了动力和欲望。然后,就要像农民一样勤勤恳恳,不辞辛苦,付出辛勤的劳动和汗水,一定会取得成功,收获丰硕的成果。毕竟是No pains, no gains吗。
练好基本功是学好英语的必要条件,没有扎实的英语基础,就谈不上继续学习,更谈不上有所成就。要想基本功扎实,必须全神贯注地认真听讲,上好每一节课,提高课堂效率,脚踏实地、一步一个脚印地,做到以下“五到”:
一、“心到”。在课堂上应聚精会神,一刻也不能懈怠,大脑要始终处于积极状态,思维要活跃、思路要开阔,心随老师走,听懂每一句话,抓住每一个环节,理解每一个知识点,多联想、多思考,做到心领神会。
二、“手到”。学英语,一定要做课堂笔记。因为人的记忆力是有限的,人不可能都过目不忘,记忆本身就是不断与遗忘作斗争的过程。常言说,“好脑筋不如烂笔头”。老师讲的知识可能在课堂上记住了,可是过了一段时间,就会忘记,所以,做好笔记很有必要。英语知识也是一点点积累起来的,学到的每一个单词、词组以及句型结构,都记在笔记本上,甚至是书的空白处或字里行间,这对以后的复习巩固都是非常方便的。
三、“耳到”。在课堂上,认真听讲是十分必要的,不但要专心听老师对知识的讲解,而且要认真听老师说英语的语音、语调、重音、连读、失去爆破、断句等发音要领,以便培养自己纯正地道的英语口语。听见听懂老师传授的每一个知识点,在头脑里形成反馈以帮助记忆;理解领会老师提出的问题,以便迅速作答,对比同学对问题的回答,以加深对问题的理解而取别人之长补自己之短。
四、“眼到”。在认真听讲的同时,还要双眼紧随老师观察老师的动作、口形、表情、板书、绘图、教具展示等。大脑里形成的视觉信息和听觉信息相结合,印象就会更加深刻。
五、“口到”。学习语言,不张嘴不动口是学不好的,同学们最大的毛病是读书不出声,害羞不敢张嘴。尤其是早读课,同学们只是用眼看或默读,这样就只有视觉信息,而没有听觉信息在大脑里的反馈,当然记忆也不会太深刻,口部肌肉也得不到锻炼,也就很难练就一口纯正的英语。所以,要充分利用早晨头脑清醒的时间,大声朗读;课堂上要勇跃回答老师提问、积极参与同学间讨论和辩论,课下对不清楚的问题及时提出,要克服害羞心理,不耻下问。对学过的课文要多读、勤读、苦读,可以跟录音机读,竭力模仿其语音语调以纠正发音,要读得抑扬顿挫朗朗上口,一些精典文章最好能背得滚爪烂熟。利用一切可能的机会,练习英语口语,比如,与外教交流、参加“英语角”活动、与同学进行对话、讲英语故事、唱英文歌曲、演英语短剧、进行诗歌朗诵等。除了对课本中的范文要细读精读之外,还要多看些适合我们中学生的课外读物,既可增长知识,又开阔了我们的视野,也提高了我们的阅读水平。
学英语,词汇的记忆是必不可少的,词汇是学好英语的基础,没有了词汇,也就谈不上句子,更谈不上文章,所以记单词对我们就显得极其重要。记忆单词关键有二:
一是持之以恒:每天坚持记忆一定量的词汇,过几天再回头复习一次,这样周期循环,反复记忆,经常使用,就会变短时记忆为长时记忆并牢固掌握。需要注意的是,一旦开始,就要坚持下来,千万不能半途而废,切不可三天打鱼,两天晒网。
二是良好的记忆方法:记忆单词的方法很多,学无定法,但学有良法。我认为,张思中的“集中识词,分类记忆”不失为一种适合中学生的好方法。把中学生应掌握的3500个单词集中汇总,分门别类,先过单词关,然后再学教材,在课本中使用和巩固它们的用法。分类的方法有多种,同一元音或元音字母组合发音相同的单词归为一类;根据词形词性、同义词反义词等集中记忆;把相同词根、前缀、后缀、合成、转化、派生等构词法相同的单词或词组列在一起集中识记印象比较深刻,记忆效果也比较明显。这样每天记40-80个单词,坚持不懈,多联想,多思考,多使用,词汇问题不就解决了吗?在学习的过程中多注视单词的用法和词组的搭配,牢记老师讲过的单词惯用法和句型,这样不仅有助于我们解题,而且在写作时也会信手拈来,运用自如。
把单词记住,了解词性、词义,掌握其固定搭配与习惯用法,背会时态、从句的各种用法,工作只是完成了一半,我们还得将它们应用到实践中去。就像学游泳,光学理论,不下水应用,不等于掌握了这门技术。不必要搞题海战术,但一定量的典型练习来巩固所学知识是必不可少的。先重视基础练习,如课后习题,单元同步练习,这些是针对课堂知识的巩固性练习,不能好高骛远,光想着一口吃个胖子。基础知识掌握后,有的放失地做一些语法方面的专项练习和考试题型的专题练习。特别提倡同学们准备一本“错题集”,把平时做错的具有代表性的试题或语言点记录下来,以备将来查漏补缺,这样对知识的掌握可以达到事半功倍的效果。
英语是一种语言,不是记住了单词、词组、句型和语法项目就是把它学好了,关键在于使用语言,所以在学习英语时一定要注意听、说、读、写、译全面发展。英语学习首先是一个记忆过程,然后才是实践过程。学习英语,无论如何,勤奋是不可少的,它是一个日积月累的渐进过程,是没有任何捷径可走的,也没有所谓“速成”的灵丹妙方,急于求成,不做踏实工作,是学不好英语的。任何成功的获得都要靠自己的努力,要踏踏实实、勤勤恳恳、兢兢业业、一步一个脚印地学习,端正态度,认真对待学习中的挫折和失败。失败并不可怕,可怕的是对自己丧失信心而一蹶不振。对考试的失败,冷静分析,认真思考,只要对胜利充满信心,善于总结经验教训,不断努力,不断追求,胜利一定是属于你们的。
怎样学好英语,这似乎是一个很古老的话题了。在三年的大学生活中,我最引以为豪的是我的 英语成绩。当然我的英语成绩不是很突出,但我所取得的进步却是很可喜的。高中时我的英语成绩属于中等水平,高考也只有98分。一进大学,我就为英语学习犯难了。再学不好英语,那就等于给自己以后的道路增设障碍。于是乎,路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下求英语。终于,工夫不负有心人,我终于取得了优异的成绩。在过了四级的同时,我也取得了口语考试的资格,并且也在口语考试中得了c+。去年又一次性通过了六级。最让我感到欣慰的是在大二时,我参加全国大学生英语竞赛得了三等奖。我所有的成绩也证明了一个道理:一分耕耘,一分收获。
从三年的学习英语的经历中,我总结出了以下几点。以供参考。
首先,要学好英语,最关键的是要有兴趣。俗话说:兴趣是最好的老师。教我们英语的是一位 年轻的老师,他讲课很风趣,还总是让我们自己上台讲课,演小品。生动的英语教学,让我对英语产生了浓厚的兴趣。
光有兴趣还不行,我们还得知道如何去学。
先说说背单词吧!对很多同学来说背单词无疑是件很痛苦的事了。我在背单词时,不是按照单词书上的一个一个背下来,这样很容易让人产生厌倦心理,而且很容易忘。我是在每一页抽几个背,就是很随机的。在平时,我们可以制作一些小卡片,把很难记的写在上面,一有空就那出来看一下,或者可以在床头放一些卡片,每天睡觉前看几眼。更有效的就是在睡前和寝室的同学进行猜字竞赛。每次大家互相把当天学的单词猜一遍,这样就记的牢了。当然背单词最重要的是要不间断的进行温习。
很多同学都很头疼阅读理解,一是时间紧,二是难理解。如果觉得时间紧,那我就教你一招。那就是把每次的练习当作考试,自己限定时间,做不完的就猜。久而久之,你的心中就会有一只无形的闹钟,使你在做题时总有一种紧迫感。练习时间长了,你也就习惯了。
对于理解,我觉得我们应该扩大阅读的范围。我们可以看英文报或杂志。在大一时我看的是中英文对照的《英语沙龙》。以后随着词汇量的增加,我就开始看英文报。我经常看的是上海星报,shanghai star。这份报纸内容覆盖广,且较浅,易懂。在看报纸的时候,我不喜欢逐个字的去查,碰到生词就猜,遇到好的词句,就顺手抄下来。三年下来,这样的小小摘录本我已有好几本了。总之,看英文报,不仅可以摄取更多的知识,而且可以培养语感,练习阅读速度。
听力也是大家头疼的一个问题。我觉得要提高听力能力,光用听力磁带是不够的。我们可以采用其他的方法啊!比如我们可以听英语新闻。我常听的是上海990的夜间十一点档播出的live it up shanghai。这个说话节目挺不错的。当然另一个方法便是去英语角。我是从去年开始上英语角的,在那里一大群的英语爱好者在一起,大家用英语聊天,发表言论。有时也有机会和老外来个亲密接触。多说多听,你的听力和口语的能力就在不知不觉中提高了。到英语角去说,去听,去感受,你会发现原来讲英语并不是一件难事哦!
学英语,也要学会做个有心人。每次看到街上的英文招牌或网上的英文缩写,你有没有去想过它的全称呢?BBS,大家都用过吧,但它的全称Bulletin Board System 你知道吗?在报纸上经常看到RMB ,这是什么的缩写呢?当然是人民币的中文缩写了。还有GDP ,MBA ,MPA 等等。时间长了,你就会发现,原来英语不仅出现在课堂里,它已溶入到了整个社会中了。看看你的衣服,或许上面就有一个你不认识的单词呢!赶紧学吧!
这句话三年前我曾经无数次问过别人,而现在我已经通过了雅思6.5分,口语7分,我是完全自学的,从来没有报过班. 可以推荐一下我学习的一部分资料. (按照我的学习顺序)
1. 先把初中和高中的课本又复习了一遍.(从简单的开始,不然会因为困难失去学习兴趣) (刚开始连初中的英语都听不懂,能看懂,这说明听得太少,缺乏语感)=====方法:多听,多读.
2.赖世雄的中级英语和高级英语.(初级的太简单没有必要学,中级里面语法讲解很多,是台湾的赖世雄的老师和一个老外讲的,非常幽默,文章短小而精悍,一篇对话,一篇叙述性文章,有助于写作和口语的双重练习,高级的等你把中级的过完,根据你的需要可以参考学习,里面生词比较多,句子结构也长.) (看书店买本书,里面带MP3或磁带,或去网上下载MP3就行)
3.新概念2,3册强烈推荐作为听写教材,他念文章的时候,你可以听一句写一句,如果第一遍听写不完全,可以再放一遍,这样效果非常好.
4.走遍美国我听了好几遍,可以练习你的听美语的语感,能学到比较地到的美式英语.
5.下载一个新东方背单词软件,里面从小学到大学的教程的单词都有,还有各种四、六词汇和出国的词汇,可以根据你的兴趣以学习和游戏的形式来背单词,效果比较好。 但我个人很少背单词,我强烈推荐在文章中不断总结和学习单词,可以做到事半功倍。
6.朗读可以用新2或新3,还有赖世雄的教材.
7.下载一下skype软件上面好多外国人,你可以选择你想聊天的对象和国籍,或者找一个英语QQ群,刚开始从英语打字跟人家交流,慢慢地就可以说了.(口语练习)
8.另外有些网站有双语新闻,你可以打开每天看几篇.(阅读练习)
9.我还听到很多VOA或新闻听力的东西,总之网上听力资源非常多,你只要想听到处都是.(听力练习)
10.每天用英语写日记,刚开始哪怕只有几句或写得很烂,坚持下去结合着你所学的语法和句子结构,坚持下来,你会有惊人的发现.(写作练习)
9.必要有的工具: 金山词霸,里面有一个屏幕取词功能,如果你浏览英语网页的时候,遇到不认识的词,只需要把鼠标放到单词上,它就会显示英语的发音及音标,以及关于这个单词的详细讲解.
MP3在上下班途中,或者做运动的时候,都可以听,学英语没有捷径,谁下的功夫大,谁就进步得快.
手提电脑,携带方便,学英语必备(本人花了1600元买了一个二手的,已经用了三年了.)
希望你能以享受的态度来学习英语.
enjoy your life and enjoy your english.
太吓人了。学什么都需要兴趣,按照楼上的那些方法,光是看到介绍就已经让人完全失去兴趣甚至立马就开始产生排斥心理了。先不说以后更高级的英文使用,我就我个人经验告诉你怎么先把口语学好。
对于零基础的情况,最好不要一开始就去看什么语法书,背一大堆你一年之内都不可能用得上的单词,废话不多说,先把音标学了,这是一切的基础,然后再开始看一些简单的入门语法,不要去买或者在网上看一些给成年人的语法书,太深,而且枯燥,毫无实用性,一切都貌似为了钻研这门语言或者为了参加考试似的,无形中浪费了时间还消磨了你的兴趣,一旦失去兴趣,再想学进去就很难了。
学好音标,和基础常用词,简单的入门语法,买一些小学生用的英语书就可以了,剩下的就靠,听音乐,看碟来弥补一部份,我说的是一部分,这是为了给你营造一个相对方便的语言环境,可以增强你的语感。
接下来最重要的部分就是,一定要去跟老外说话!欧洲人里属德国人的语言能力最强,他们人人都说一口漂亮英语,法国人等均带着强烈的口音,不适合初期英文口语练习,很难听懂,而且会因为他们的文化和习惯而误导你对英文的学习,但他们喜欢当老师,纠正你的发音或语法。北美洲人英文发音圆滑,语速比较快,发音标准,但他们通常不会去纠正你的发音和语法,他们只为了达到沟通的目的,所以你必须要开口问,他们才会回答。
说了这么多,整理一下,建议你:
1,学音标。可以买小学生英语书,最好看能不能找到会说中文的外国人,来教你最初的发音和语法,教学方式不同,发音也标准,听过一些磁带的发音,不标准且很假,以后学了这个,跟老外讲话会被嘲笑的。
2,学简单的入门语法,方法同上,除非你是天才,语言不是一种适合自学的知识,强烈建议你必须找个老师,初期的时候是基础,一切的基础,一旦没打好,以后就很难纠正/学进去了。
3,听音乐,看碟。音乐只是利用一种人人都可以接受的方式,不占用你过多的时间的一种增强语感的方式,不要去仔细研究音乐里的歌词唱法和发音,那些往往带有严重的吞音现象,不适合初学者。看碟,推荐《老友记》,这么多人推荐不是没有道理的,里面的用词用句是我至今听到的最简单的美语,好理解,并且帮助你理解美语背后的文化,可以帮助你学习英语,其中的对白常常毫无语法可言,但对于口语来说,完全没有问题。
4,跟外国人说话。我们以前是学得越多,越怕出错,越不敢开口讲话,我告诉你的口语初期学习方法就是为了让你先敢于开口讲话,之后会有机会得到外国人的帮助和纠正,这样直接的学习方法,比你看多少语法书,背多少单词都有用,而且很快就可以见效。
完全是我个人经验和观点,你也要看看适不适合你自己。
如果有问题,可以给我发邮件,annie.lee52@gmail.com
希望可以帮到你。
楼主。。我当心你看不看得到我这里来
我先这样说吧,PSP学习,上网站学习,DS学习,xbox360学习...是绝对没用的。骗别人可以,别骗自己
楼主应该先学首eminem的rap,给自己信心,因为你要给自己个理由学下去,所以要找成就
好了,真下决心了,去书店买本书,新概念2,你还没达到3的程度, 按你的条件你会走上涨英语资料的爱好,那不是爱好英语,如果你觉得书太少 没感觉,你可以买N本同样的书,桌上,厕所,床上都放一本。
重第一课扎扎实实背~~不论是音英还是美音选好自己偏爱的去模仿,背,理解,这样你每一课都扎实背,你偶尔还可以绣一下自己的口语,这样你有成就感了就越发要这样继续学
开始几天,你肯定头痛,因为这关系高改变,改变是痛苦的,所以你要坚持,坚持1个月养成习惯就不痛苦了 就像压弹簧 你没达到那个力度要发生 弹性形变是不可能的
最后放一句话,你忽略或重视你自己看
不复习=没学习 重复是成功之母
你要话数倍与你学习的时间进行复习和重复!!才是英语学好的关键
我考试成绩不高,雅思8分出的国,但是口语相当好,正是得力于好的习惯,因为思维不同于那些英语夫子,说也说不好,考也考不好
去新东方是个不错的选择。88
补充:我在回帖时的回答,我上面说的是后期自学提高,但是楼主现在没有基础所以一定要有权威的带领,不推荐自学。
楼主英语为零的特殊情况,要去先上新概念1或新东方的基础班,为自学英语打下好的基础。然后再用我说的比较疯狂的办法背几本书,楼主开始学习应该选择新概念1这样的材料,一样,背!重复,背!
英语大师们讲解英语学习方法
许国璋
* 学英语就要无法无天,要天不怕地不怕。
* 学外语,要眼尖,耳明,嘴勤,手快。只要多读,多记,多讲,多写,自有水到渠成之日。
* 学习外语,从事语言学研究的人不要把自己圈在只读洋文的狭小天地里,一定要具备良好的国学基础。
* 光学几句干巴巴的英文不行....不要总是把阅读的目的放在提高英文上,阅读首先是吸收知识,吸收知识的过程中自然而然就吸收了语言。
胡壮麟
* 我认为学好英语在一般情况下可用如下规则描述:“动因+兴趣“---决心---持之以恒----见效。
* 既要珍惜课堂教学和老师指导的学习机会,也要抓住“习得”英语的机会,后者指学会自己主动听广播听录音,看电视看录像,读书报读小说,与操英语者用口语和书面语交流。
* 模仿英美人的语音语调,但不必一味追求洋腔洋调,重点应放在发音正确,吐字清楚,表达自然。大胆张口,有时不免背诵,以至自说自话。
* 阅读时对那些不影响全句全篇大意的新词,多查词典,了解其意义和用法。
* 做任何事都要掌握其规律,学英语也一样,因此,看一两部浅易的语法书何乐而不为?
王佐良
* 通过文化来学习语言,语言也会学得更好。
* 语言之有魅力,风格之值得研究,主要是因为后面有一个大的精神世界:但这两者又必须艺术地融合在一起,因此语言表达力同思想洞察力又是互相促进的。
* 文体,风格的研究是有实际用途的,它可以使我们更深入地观察英语的性能,看到英语的长处,短处,以及我们在学习英语时应该特别注意或警惕的地方。因为英语一方面不难使用,一方面又在不小心或过分小心的使用者面前布满了陷阱。
周珏良
* 对于翻译的步骤我有以下看法;(1)。先逐字逐句译出,不要少掉什么东西,不避免某些翻译腔。(2)。抛开原文,只看译文,依原文风格(简练,沉郁,俏皮等)修改译文文字。这时会发现好多问题,往往是上下文呼应联系问题和整体风格问题。(3)。再对原文,看看走了意思没有。(4)。放几天甚至几星期后再看。这时对原文的记忆已经模糊了。在上述第二阶段修改文字时曾因为原文还大都记得,觉得还顺当的许多地方,现在都通不过了,需要再修改文字。这时往往要加些字或减些字才能使意思清楚。经过这一次修改,一般说译文就可以拿出去了。
* 要理解一国的文化就要读些历史,文学,包括诗和散文作品。我国古时儿童入私塾读书,开始读《三字经》,〈〈千字文〉〉,〈〈百家姓〉〉,此外还要读〈〈千家诗〉〉或〈〈唐诗三百首〉〉,也就是要蒙童及早地接触我国传统文化的意思。我们读点英诗,目的与此类似。
何其莘
* 用英文思维是许多英语学习者都希望达到的一种境界,因为这是用英语流畅地表达思想的基础。对于一个生活在非英语环境中的中国学生来说,要做到部分或全部用英文来思考确有很大难度,但也不是可望而不可及。从自己学习英语的经历中,我体会到坚持大量阅读是实现这一目标最有效的途径之一。
* 首先要选好难易程度适中的原文书籍:一般以每页(大32开)不超过八个生词为宜。其次是阅读方法:要像读中文小说那样快速浏览,不默读,不查字典,更不通过翻译来理解原文的意思。遇见不认识的生词,要根据上下文来推测。第三是要坚持天天都读,而且要给自己规定每天必须完成的阅读任务。只要坚持下去,几个月,半年之后,肯定会看到成效。
胡文仲
* 学习英语无捷径。要想学好英语只有大量实践,多听多读多说多写。不要被商业广告所误导。
* 对于初中级英语学习者我特别推荐英语简易读物,读的材料要浅易,故事性要强,读的速度尽可能快一些,读的越多越好。这是学好英语屡试不爽的一个好办法。
* 说英语一不要怕犯错误,二不要怕别人笑话。要争取一切机会讲英语,和外国人讲,和同学讲,和同事讲,实在没办法的时候和自己讲。例如,可以把自己想说的话录下来,然后再放出来自己听。
* 要多用词典,多用英语词典。如果读词典读的津津有味,就说明学英语已经上路了。
* 英语具有较好的基础以后,通读(注意不是略读或跳读)一本浅易的英语语法书会使你有一种豁然开朗的感觉。
丁往道
* 要注重写的练习。强调听和说,听,说领先,是对的;经常阅读,大量阅读,也是必要的。但对于排在“四会”末尾的“写”,千万不要认为它可有可无。“写”在学英语的过程中有其特别重要和不可替代的作用。只要是写一篇短文,就得思考内容和观点,组织材料,安排层次,斟酌词句,这是极好的锻炼。而且写对语言的正确性和表达的准确性的要求比口语要高些,因为可以考虑和修改。这对提高语言质量十分有益。
* 要关心中国文化。中国人都应关心中国文化,主修英语或别的外语的朋友们更要注意对中国文化的学习和钻研,因为在外语上用很多时间,可能会忽略中国文化的学习,结果是对所学语言国家的情况和文化特点知道得多,而对中国的文化特点知道得反而少。中国文化源远流长,有很多宝贵的成份,我们应该珍视这份遗产,努力予以发扬光大。
张中载
* 学语言光听不说,光读不写,是学不好的。现在,有不少学生只知戴着耳机听英语,埋头读英语书,却不开口朗读,背诵名篇,名段,不开口练着说英语,也不动手做笔头练习,写英语文章。只有语言的“输入”(通过听,读吸收语言),却无语言的“输出”(通过口头和笔头表达思想,应用学到的语言),是学不好语言的。
* 学语言同学文化分不开。通过语言学英语国家的文化,通过文化学语言要听读题材广泛的书籍和文章(历史,文学,传记,科技,经济,政治,军事等),在提高语言水平的同时增长各种知识,并学到另一种文化的精华。
梅仁毅
* 要学好英语,就要对语言本身及语言所传达的各种文化信息感兴趣。当你读到或听到别人用简洁的英语表达深奥的思想时,兴奋不已,立即记住,这就表明你已对语言产生了兴趣。没有这种兴趣,难以在语言学习中登堂入室。
* 学习英语从一开始就要重视语音,语调。发音,语调,重音,停顿,不求完美,但要基本正确。否则,将影响听力及口语,从而是语言失去交流的功能。
* 简易读物对打好基础极有用,要多读。 一是数量要多,至少读四十本。二是要重复读,选出十至十五本,读三遍,读到许多问题印在脑子中。设想一下,别人能用一千五百到两千词汇写出几十本书来,如果我们能把这些表达方式掌握住,能够表达多少内容

* 在基础阶段后期,或高年级,要努力背诵名篇,比如说,背50-100篇。无论从语言还是内容来说,这都是精华。背熟了,对了解西方文化,对研究文字的运用都有好处。
吴冰
* 学习外语和学习任何知识一样,是不能投机取巧的。首先要有刻苦的精神和持之以恒的决心。
* 语言是有声的,因此一开始就要把语音的基础打好。发音正确,别人才能听懂你的话,同时也便于你通过“听”来学习新的知识。
* 我们常说的“英语基本功”包括听、说、读、写这四个相关的方面,学习时要尽量平衡发展,如果其中一项过差,会从总体上影响外语水平的提高。如今仅电视一个渠道就有许多“听”的节目,可“读”的书更多。至于“说”和“写”完全可以自己练习。没有人对话,可以采用英语思维的办法跟自己说。“写”这可以通过记日记来提高,一天记一件事,可以写“听”到或“读”到过的,这样就复习了从“听”和“读”中获取的语言知识。
* 学习外语“懂得了”不等于“掌握了”。如对中国人来说,理解she和he二字并不难,但用起来却每每出错,因此要常练、多练、反复练。
* 语言是与文化紧密联系的,不了解英语国家的历史和文化,即便能说英语,在交流中也难免产生误解和其它困难。
* 学英语除了肯下功夫外,还要动脑筋总结英语特点,比较英语和汉语的“同”和“异”。看到了“同”有助于提高学习效率,不过,需要注意学习和掌握的还是“异”的部分。
* 要想学好英语,得不怕麻烦勤查外国人为初学者编写的单语词典,因为使用双语词典时,大多数人常图方便只看中文,而英语解释不但更加准确,而且通过看英语解释还能复习常用词汇和表达法,可谓“一箭双雕”。
陈琳
* 在没有语言环境的情况下,外语是不可能“习得”的(但作为一种教学手段,必须尽量创造习得环境),只能“学得”。必须下艰苦的功夫。我一向主张要“背”。不仅儿童,成人更加要背。且看郑板桥在《自叙》中所说:“人咸谓板桥读书善记,不只非善记,乃善诵耳。板桥每读一书,必千万遍。舟中,马上,被底,或当食忘匕著,或对客不听其语,并自忘其所语,皆记书默诵也。书有弗记者乎?”一代大师尚且如此,何况我辈凡人,更何况他背的大概不是外语。
* 一般学习外语的,都知道有所谓“精读”和“泛读”。殊不知,在听、说和写这其他三“会”上,也都要作精和泛的工作。说的啰唆些:要有精听和泛听、精说和泛说、精写和泛写。精泛两种功夫相辅相成,缺一不可。
* 学习语言,在读、听、说、写四会中,固可因工作的需要而有所侧重,但最好还是能全面掌握。英国16世纪思想家培根曾说:“读书使人充实,交谈使人机敏,写记使人精确”(这里交谈包括听和说)。可以看出,学会读、听、说、写一种语言,不仅是掌握语言能力以作为工具的问题,更加关系到一个人素质的培养。
刘承沛
* 学英语的成败,在很大程度上取决于我们接触了多少英语和什么样的英语。阅读的语言材料最容易得到,因此我们应该多读书,读各种有用的书,好书。
* 朗读和听写是学外语最有效的训练方法,基础阶段必须坚持。千万不能因为现行各种英语测试不考这两项而放弃。
* 不要小看世界名著的英文简写本。基础阶段读它三,四十本才会体会到学英文究竟是怎么一回事。
* 及早学会用英-英词典。这是因为英汉词典多半不解释词义,只给对等词,而两种语言的词汇并不是可以完全对等的。
危东亚
* 学习英语,就是要学习英语特有的表达方式。吕叔湘先生说过,英语是英语,汉语是汉语。这个提法相当尖锐,意思是告诫中国学生,要分清英语与汉语的表达方式,不要把二者混同起来。林语堂先生也一再强调过英文的表现法,并饶有风趣的说,在英文里只有“花闻香”,没有“花香”。
* 改革开放以来,学习英语的人越来越多,学习的客观条件也在不断改善。但是,学习的人在主观上还存在一个问题,就是不够自觉注意英语特有的表达方式,结果自己所掌握的英语质量不高,或可说毛病不少。
* 大家都说要学“地道”的英语。所谓地道英语就是英语特有的表达方式。从这个角度看来,地道英语并不是什么玄远的东西,在我们日常接触的英语里就有,在许多课文里就有,在不少录音里就有,就等我们去发现,去学习。
* 然而,要发现和学到地道英语,也就是英语特有的表达方式,不是一下就做得到的。首先,要学会分辨什么是英语特有的表达方式。对于我们中国人来说,英语作为一门外国语,其中必然有许多难点和特点。这些难点和特点理应受到重视,但是说来奇怪,中
国学生往往忽略过去,不予重视。
* 这个现象主要是由于缺乏正确指导。正确指导可以来自两方面:一是教师,二是参考书籍。对广大自学英语的人来说,借助参考书籍尤其重要。参考书籍,如词典、语法书、用法书以及讲作文修辞的书,都会告诉我们在学习和使用英语时应当注意什么。我们如果把从参考书籍学到的知识应用到听说读写实践中去,常作英汉对比,日积月累,最终就不但能辨别出而且能掌握住英语特有的表达方式。
高厚坤
* 一般人查词典为了弄懂词的意义,而有些人却把字典当作有趣、消闲的读物。据多位作者所述,钱钟书先生就是这样一位读者。他把重的拿不动的大辞典挨着字母逐条细读;他在漫长的旅途上手捧一本别人认为“索然寡味”的英文字典,怡然自得的读了一个月;他在去英国的轮船上以约翰逊博士的《英文词典》伴随,深得其中的乐趣,自称趣味之深,有不足外人道者。我想如果我们有这种精神钻研一本英文词典,我们在许多方面都会有很大的长进。
* 林语堂曾眷恋《简明牛津辞典》和《袖珍牛津辞典》,称之为“枕中秘”。他认为这两本词典对词的取舍是根据读者的需要,同时又把词当做活的材料,举出实例,十分有用。其实,随着辞典编撰学的发展,几十年来好的英文词典层出不穷,尤以供母语为非英语的读者用的学习词典(learner's dictionary)不断出现为最。例如《牛津高级现代英语词典》、《朗文当代英语词典》、《钱伯斯大众英语学习词典》、《柯林斯精选英语词典》等等---释义深入浅出(“朗文”释义所用词汇约2,000个),例证精当深度,语法简明扼要,辨析饶有情趣。对英语学习者来说,其实用性已超出了林语堂的枕中秘。你不妨取其一二当作读物,读到不忍释卷。,甚至须臾不可离,那么语言也就学到手了。其中“柯林斯”最浅近,“牛津”、“朗文”有双解本。
熊德倪
* 学习英语(或任何一门外语)没有任何捷径可徒,老想找捷径的人是永远学不好的,要想学好必须定下心来打一场持久战。
* 不要忙于“对口”(学专业英语)。如果基础没有打好,甚至英语还没有入门想学好专业英语是绝对不可能的。
* 我总喜欢把学习英语比作一场围攻战。被围攻的是你脑子里的母语,攻打这个堡垒的是英语大军。你指挥军队攻破一道又一道防线,直至拿下你头脑中这个顽强堡垒---母语。
* 学英语每人都有自己的特点和方法,但有一点是共同的,那就是每个人都必须要有大量的实践,都必须在听说读写方面下苦功夫。
* 要从阅读中学到好的,地道的英语,我们不防读细一点甚至对好的句子、段落加以背诵。但阅读不应该只限于写一些漂亮句子,更重要的是得到知识,不仅是专业知识,而且是广泛的人文知识,这是学好英语的关键所在。
* 在50年代初我提出要“read for information.”因为当时材料少得可怜。现在摆在我们面前的是一个广阔的阅读天地,因此我提出要“read for pleasure.”当你达到这个境界,你会发现你的一切问题都迎刃而解,再也不会为“如何学好英语”这个问题而苦恼。
秦秀白
* 好学生都不是在课堂上由老师“教”出来,而是靠老师在课堂内外“导”出来的。就学习英语而言,不要把“宝”都押在课堂教学上,而要靠自学。We live in and by language.要学会在生活中学英语。生活的范围有多大,你的英语学习天地就有多么宽广。诚然,你周围的语言环境是汉语,但你完全可以自己创造虚拟的“英语世界”。常问问自己:这层意思或这个事物用英语该怎么表达?在这种场合或情景下,“老外”会说些什么话?带着这类问题去读书,去请教他人,就能“立竿见影”。有了这种意识,你就会发现:你走到哪里都可以学英语,一辈子都在学英语。
* 要读大量的英文小说。就英语学习而言,一部英文小说其实就是英语建构的一个“虚拟世界”。那里有人,有人的心灵和人与人之间关系的揭示,有人与自然、与社会的冲突和调和。走进一部英文小说,你实际上就已经“生活”在一个“英语世界”里了,还愁没有东西可学?经典作品要读,写得好的当代通俗小说也要读,因为后者的语言更新鲜,更有时代感。
陶洁
* 学习英语跟做任何学问一样,没有捷径可走,不下苦功夫是不行的。
* 学习英语首先要打好基础。从语音语调做起,多听录音多模仿,一定会有收益。学习语言有一个积累过程,在听、说、写、读四项基本技能中,阅读是关键。应该大量阅读简写本文学名著和其他简易读物,培养对英语的感性认识,了解英语社会的文化背景知识。如果把自己感兴趣的文章或诗歌或名篇背下来,那对以后写地道的英语会有很大的好处。
* 学习英语是为了使用。在大量阅读的基础上,要想方设法使用自己学到的东西。最简便的方法是使用英语复述自己感兴趣的阅读材料和用英语写日记。这两种办法可以促使我们在阅读时有意识的寻找我们想用的语言素材和表达方式,而长期坚持的结果会提高我们理解原文的能力和用英语正确表达思想的能力。
黄源深
* 大量阅读对英语学习至关重要,没有大量阅读很难学好英语。现今学生的一个通病是阅读量太小,拘泥于短文章上的“精耕细作”,产生不了语感,因而口笔语都缺少外国味。多读文学作品和外国报刊不失为一剂良药。
* 写作最能使人感到英语学习上的不足,最能提高对语言的敏感性和吸收能力。好的作文是(学生)写出来的,不是(老师)改出来的,多写才能出文章。写作在开始时往往是苦事,一不坚持就会放弃,因而需要毅力。写作应辅以大量阅读,写作中出现的错误能通过阅读自我纠正。
* 英美人都反对背字典,因而对说本族语的人来说,良好的语言环境和大量的阅读足以使英语词汇得到多次重复,直到被掌握。而我国的英语学习者情况就不同了,生活在汉语语言环境里,英语的阅读量往往不足,难以在自然的语境中通过重复掌握该掌握的全部词汇。因此中国学生的词汇量往往偏小, 对听、说、读、写造成很大障碍。我主张有一定基础的学生(如大三学生)不妨背一背词典,细水长流,不要贪多,贵在坚持。背的同时要不忘阅读,使背过的词汇在阅读中得以巩固。掌握的词汇一多,学习者便有豁然开朗的感觉。
http://zhidao.baidu.com/q?word=%D3%A2%D3%EF%D1%A7%CF%B0%B7%BD%B7%A8&ct=17&pn=0&tn=ikaslist&rn=10

中学生英语美文摘抄200词左右,加翻译,10篇

if i were a boy againand gentle as courage, nothing so cruel and pitiless as cowardice,” syas a wise author. we too often borrow trouble, and anticipate that may never appear.” he fear of ill exceeds the ill we fear.” dangers will arise in any career, but presence of mind will often conquer the worst of them. be prepared for any fate, and there is no harm to be freared. if i were a boy again, i would look on the cheerful side. life is very much like a mirror if you smile upon it, i smiles back upon you; but if you frown and look doubtful on it, you will get a similar look in return.
inner sunshine warms not only the heart of the owner, but of all that come in contact with it. “ who shuts love out ,in turn shall be shut out from love.” if i were a boy again, i would school myself to say no more often.
might write pages on the importance of learning very early in life to gain that point where a young boy can stand erect, and decline doing an
unworthy act because it is unworthy. if i were a boy again, i would demand of myself more courtesy towards my companions and friends, and indeed towards strangers as well.the mallest courtesies along the rough roads of life are like the little birds that sing to us all winter long, and make that season of ice and snow more endurable. finally, instead of trying hard to be happy, as if that were the sole purpose of life, i would , if i were a boy again, i would still try harder to make others happy.
假如我又回到了童年,我就要培养勇气。一位明智的作家曾说过:“世上没有东西比勇气更温文尔雅,也没有东西比懦怯更残酷无情。” 我们常常过多地自寻烦恼,杞人忧天。“怕祸害比祸害本身更可怕。”凡事都有危险,但镇定沉着往往能克服最严重的危险。对一切祸福做好准备,那么就没有什么灾难可以害怕的了。
假如我又回到了童年,我就要事事乐观。生活犹如一面镜子:你朝它笑,它也朝你笑;如果你双眉紧锁,向它投以怀疑的目光,它也将还以你同样的目光。
内心的欢乐不仅温暖了欢乐者自己的心,也温暖了所有与之接触者的心。“谁拒爱于门外,也必将被爱拒诸门外。” 假如我又回到了童年,我就要养成经常说“不”字的习惯。一个少年要能挺得起腰,拒绝做不应该做的事,就因为这事不值得做。我可以写上好几页谈谈早年培
养这一点的重要性。 假如我又回到了童年,我就要要求自己对伙伴和朋友更加礼貌,而且对陌生人也应如此。在坎坷的生活道路上,最细小的礼貌犹如在漫长的冬天为我们歌唱的小鸟,那歌声使冰天雪地的寒冬变得较易忍受。 最后,假如我又回到了童年,我不会力图为自己谋幸福,好像这就是人生唯一的目的;与之相反,我要更努力为他人谋幸福。
three days to see
假如拥有三天光明
helen keller海伦.凯勒
all of us have read thrilling stories in which the hero had only a limited and specified time to live. sometimes it was as long as a year; sometimes as short as twenty-four hours, but always we were interested in discovering just how the doomed man chose to spend his last days or his last hours. i speak, of course, of free men who have a choice, not condemned criminals whose sphere of activities is strictly delimited.
such stories set up thinking, wondering what we should do under similar circumstances. what associations should we crowd into those last hours as mortal beings what happiness should we find in reviewing the past, what regrets
sometimes i have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow. such an attitude would emphasize sharply the values of life. we should live each day with a gentleness, a vigor, and a keenness of appreciation which are often lost when time stretches before us in the constant panorama of more days and months and years to come. there are those, of course, who would adopt the epicurean motto of “eat, drink, and be merry,” most people would be chastened by the certainty of impending death.
我们都读过这样一些动人的故事,故事里主人公将不久于人世。长则一年,短则24小时。但是我们总是很想知道这个即将离开人世的人是决定怎样度过他最后的日子的。当然,我所指的是有权作出选择的自由人,不是那些活动范围受到严格限制的死囚。 
  这一类故事会使我们思考在类似的处境下,我们自己该做些什么?在那临终前的几个小时里我们会产生哪些联想?会有多少欣慰和遗憾呢?
  有时我想,把每天都当作生命的最后一天来度过也不失为一个很好的生命法则。这种人生态度使人非常重视人生的价值。每一天我们都应该以和善的态度、充沛的精力和热情的欣赏来度过,而这些恰恰是在来日方长时往往被我们忽视的东西。当然,有这样一些人奉行享乐主义的座右铭——吃喝玩乐,但是大多数人却不能摆脱死亡来临的恐惧。
most of us take life for granted. we know that one day we must die, but usually we picture that day as far in the future, when we are in buoyant health, death is all but unimaginable. we seldom think of it. the days stretch out in an endless vista. so we go about our petty task, hardly aware of our listless attitude towards life.
the same lethargy, i am afraid, characterizes the use of our faculties and senses. only the deaf appreciate hearing, only the blind realize the manifold blessings that lie in sight. particularly does this observation apply to those who have lost sight and hearing in adult life. but those who have never suffered impairment of sight or hearing seldom make the fullest use of these blessed faculties. their eyes and ears take in all sights and sound hazily, without concentration, and with little appreciation. it is the same old story of not being grateful for what we conscious of health until we are ill.
i have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life. darkness would make him more appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound.
now and then i have tested my seeing friends to discover what they see. recently i was visited by a very good friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods, and i asked her what she had observed. “nothing in particular,” she replied. i might have been incredulous had i not been accustomed to such responses, for long ago i became convinced that the seeing see little.
我们大多数人认为生命理所当然,我们明白总有一天我们会死去,但是我们常常把这一天看得非常遥远。当我们身体强壮时,死亡便成了难以相象的事情了。我们很少会考虑它,日子一天天过去,好像没有尽头。所以我们为琐事奔波,并没有意识到我们对待生活的态度是冷漠的。
我想我们在运用我们所有五官时恐怕也同样是冷漠的。只有聋子才珍惜听力,只有盲人才能认识到能见光明的幸运。对于那些成年致盲或失陪的人来说尤其如此。但是那些听力或视力从未遭受损失的人却很少充分利用这些幸运的能力,他们对所见所闻不关注、不欣赏。这与常说的不失去不懂得珍贵,不生病不知道健康可贵的道理是一样的。
我常想如果每一个人在他成年的早些时候,有几天成为了聋子或瞎子也不失为一件幸事。黑暗将使他更珍惜光明;沉寂将教他知道声音的乐趣。
有时我会试探我的非盲的朋友们,想知道他们看见了什么。最近我的一位非常要好的朋友来看我,她刚刚在树林里走了很长时间,我问她看见了什么。“没什么特别的,”她回答说。如不是我早已习惯了这样的回答,我也许不会轻易相信,因为很久以前我就相信了有眼人看不见什么。
genius at work
天才在工作
 henry ford didn’t always pay attention in school. one day ,he and a friend took a watch apart. angry and upset, the teacher told him both to stay after school. their punishment was to stay until they had fixed the watch. but the teacher did not know young ford’s genius. in ten minutes, this mechanical wizard had repaired the watch and was on this way home..
ford was always interested in how things worked. he once plugged up the spout of a teapot and placed it on the fire. then he waited to see what would happen. the water boiled and, of course, turned to steam. since the steam had no way to escape, the teapot exploded. the explosion cracked a mirror and broke a window. the young inventor was badly scalded
ford’s year of curiosity and tinkering paid off. he dreamed of a horseless carriage. when he built one, the world of transportation was changed forever.
亨利.福特在学校里常常心不在焉。有一天,他和一个小朋友把一块手表拆开了。老师很生气,让他们放学后留下来,把表修好才能回家。当时这位老师并不知道小福特的天才。只用了十分钟,这位机械奇才就把手表修好,走在回家的路上了。
 福特对各种东西的工作原理总是很感兴趣。曾有一次,他把茶壶嘴用东西堵住,然后把茶壶放在火炉上。他便站在一边等候着会出现什么情况。当然,水开后变成了水蒸气。因为水蒸气无处逸出,茶壶便爆炸了,因而打碎了一面镜子和一扇窗户。这个小发明家也被严重地烫伤了。
 多年后,福特的好奇心和他的动手能力使他得到了回报。他曾经梦想着去制造一辆无马行进的车。他造成了一辆这样的车后,运输界发生了永久性的变化。
love your life
 热爱生活
    henry david thoreau/享利.大卫.梭罗
however mean your life is,meet it and live it ;do not shun it and call it hard names.it is not so bad as you are.it looks poorest when you are richest.the fault-finder will find faults in paradise.love your life,poor as it is.you may perhaps have some pleasant,thrilling,glorious hourss,even in a poor-house.the setting sun is reflected from the windows of the alms-house as brightly as from the rich man's abode;the snow melts before its door as early in the spring.i do not see but a quiet mind may live as contentedly there,and have as cheering thoughts,as in a palace.the town's poor seem to me often to live the most independent lives of any.may be they are simply great enough to receive without misgiving.most think that they are above being supported by the town;but it often happens that they are not above supporting themselves by dishonest means.which should be more disreputable.cultivate poverty like a garden herb,like sage.do not trouble yourself much to get new things,whether clothes or friends,turn the old,return to them.things do not change;we change.sell your clothes and keep your thoughts.
不论你的生活如何卑贱,你要面对它生活,不要躲避它,更别用恶言咒骂它。它不像你那样坏。你最富有的时候,倒是看似最穷。爱找缺点的人就是到天堂里也能找到缺点。你要爱你的生活,尽管它贫穷。甚至在一个济贫院里,你也还有愉快、高兴、光荣的时候。夕阳反射在济贫院的窗上,像身在富户人家窗上一样光亮;在那门前,积雪同在早春融化。我只看到,一个从容的人,在哪里也像在皇宫中一样,生活得心满意足而富有愉快的思想。城镇中的穷人,我看,倒往往是过着最独立不羁的生活。也许因为他们很伟大,所以受之无愧。大多数人以为他们是超然的,不靠城镇来支援他们;可是事实上他们是往往利用了不正当的手段来对付生活,他们是毫不超脱的,毋宁是不体面的。视贫穷如园中之花而像圣人一样耕植它吧!不要找新的花样,无论是新的朋友或新的衣服,来麻烦你自己。找旧的,回到那里去。万物不变,是我们在变。你的衣服可以卖掉,但要保留你的思想。
the country maid and her milk can
村姑和牛奶罐
a country maid was walking along with a can of milk upon her head,when she fell into the following train of reflections."the money for which i shall sell this milk will enable me to increase my stock of eggs to three hundred,these eggs,allowing for what may prove addle,and what may be destroyed by vermin,will produce at least two hundred and fifty chickens.the chickens will be fit to carry to market just at the time when poultry is always dear;so that by the new year i cannot fail of having money enough to purchase a new gown.green-let me consider-yes,green becomes my complexion best .and green it shall be, in this dress i will go to the fair,where all young fellows will strive to have me for a parter;but no-i shall refuse every one of them,and with a disdainful toss turn from them."
transported with this idea,she could not forbear acting with her head the thought that passed in her mind,when down came the can of milk!and all her imaginary happiness vanished in a moment.
一个村姑头上顶着一罐牛奶在路上行走。走着走着,她的脑子里浮现出一连串的幻想:“我卖了这罐牛奶后,用这笔钱买鸡蛋,这样我有的鸡蛋可以增加到300个。用这300个鸡蛋孵小鸡,这就算有坏的、生虫的,至少也能孵出250只小鸡。等小鸡长大后,正好能赶上卖个好市价;那么到了新年,我就能有钱买一件新晚装。买一件绿色的——让我好好想想——对,绿色与我的肤色最相衬。我穿上这件衣服去赶集,所有的年轻小伙子都会抢着邀请我做舞伴;但是不行——我要轻蔑地把头一扬,转身过去不理他们,让他们人人都碰个钉子。
她想得得意忘形,情不自禁地把头一扬,刹那间,牛奶罐跌了下来!她幻想的一切幸福间破灭了。

怎样快速记音标?

其实很简单,列出表来,成对的记。我只记了十分钟就背下来了。
如:分为
20 3 2 3 20
/i:/ /i/ /m/
/n/
......就这样,↖(^ω^)↗加油!
标中文同音字,或者拼音来记
我是一个英语老师,建议你去买本有录音的英语字典学最好!祝你好运!
可惜没在当晚看到你的问题。如果让我来帮你突击音标,一个晚上肯定会起很大作用。现在已经考完了吧?如果还想学就点开下面的网址,这是我对音标问题的回答,希望能够帮到你。
http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/106830734.html
音标:英语的注音符号,即英语的拼音。 (1)元音(20):发音时气流不受口腔任何部位的阻碍。声带振动。英语中重要的音。(2)辅音(28) :发音时气流受口腔某个部位的阻碍。声带振动的叫浊辅音,声带不振动的叫清辅音。英语中次要的音。
Aa —[eI] P73
Babe lake sake bake make fake shake rake take stake (桩)landscape escape grape tape cape gape rape (油菜) shape scrape (擦掉) jape(说笑话) Trace grace Late fate mate(classmate playmate teamate roommate )gate date plate hate skate state fade jade lade (装船)made shade (阴凉处) spade trade came tame shame same dame game lame fame name cane plane lane mane ( 马鬃 )crane wane(月亏) Ale (艾尔酒)dale(谷) gale pale stale (不新鲜的) Able table fable cable stable cave save wave Dave gave pave rave (胡言乱语)
Ay---[eI]— Day bay may lay play pay say way ray slay (杀死)clay(粘土) flay (剥皮)relay always
Eight weigh weight sleigh (雪橇)
rain gain lain (lie 的过去分词) faint pain saint (圣人)paint Cain main vain(徒劳) slain(slay 的过去分词) fail nail tail mail pail rail jail bail (保释金) hail (高呼、冰雹) wail sail snail stain (玷污) strain raid (突然袭击) maid (少女)afraid paid
No pains ,no gains .
Haste makes waste.
Pp—[p][i:]
Cc—[s][i: ]
Dd—[d] [i: ] Tt---[t ][i: ]
Vv —[v][ i :] [f][v] “唇齿相依” P23
Bb—-[b][i: ]
He she we me be these Pete
ee---[ i: ] Bee see meet feet heel peel feel reel (卷轴) keen spleen (脾) speech feed
deed indeed gee keen queen screen agree Need feed breed greed speed seed succeed proceed exceed heed cheek geek(杂耍演员)leek sleek (光滑的)meek (温顺的)peek (偷看) reek (臭气)creek(小河) Greek week keep sleep weep beep sheep jeep between
ea---[ i: ]Sea beat meat eat seat feat heat neat cheap cheat (质量低劣的东西都cheat)seal steal defeat peat (泥炭) repeat treat wheat overeat pea clean lean leaf mean bean breach preach beach reach teach mead (蜂蜜酒)bead (念珠)sneak (偷偷摸摸地行动) sneakers (运动鞋) cream
Thief piece niece relieve
Please keep these streets clean
Please keep these keys .
A friend in need is a friend indeed .
A---[ ] -“寂寞嫦娥舒广袖,万里长空却为忠魂舞”
-a--- cat bat fat sat hat pat mat(草席) rat mad dad had lad (少年) sad man ban can fan pan ran tan(晒黑) dam am jam(果酱) Sam ham ram slam map lap nap cap clap slap sap snap gap tap rap(敲门声) sack back pack backpack lack black rack wack (怪人)slack (懒散) hand sand band grand land panda wand(棍棒) and Battle cattle rattle (发出卡塔卡塔的声音)
The black cat ran after a rat .
Ff —[e][f ]
L—[e] [l ] ① 元音或单词末尾读[l ]: all call ball fall hall tall small wall mall (超级大的购物中心); fell sell shell bell well cell smell tell spell yell hell (阎王爷对你说一声hello ,你恐怕就该下地狱了。)
②元音前面读 [l 。]: like late lake
Mm ---[e] [m ] ①元音或单词末尾读[m ]: name same game came fame shame
② 元音或单词末尾读[m 。]: make mate mine
Nn ---[e] [n ]
① 元音或单词末尾读[n ]: pen hen lesson fine
② 元音或单词末尾读[n 。]: no nine not
n ---[ ] –sing king thing sting bring wing swing boring sink pink mink link ink think monk monkey donkey thank tank bank sank rank flank (肋腹、两侧)blank rank prank (恶作剧)
Ss —[e] [s]
Glass class pass grass Last past cast ask
6532—2232 Face ace lace race pace place grace
[e]---bed led fed led get bet set wet pet best pest (害虫) chest jest (笑话) lest (难免)nest rest test vest wrest (摔跤)west zest desk beg peg (晒衣服夹子) leg
pen Ben ten hen men kettle settle
Bend tend (照料)pending(悬而未决的) mend vent (发泄) tent send lend intend
Head dead lead read bread deaf death sweat breath breakfast spread dread tread instead leapt feather
leather weather heather (石楠属植物)health wealth threat thread (线)
East or west ,home is the best .
Let him mend the desk.
He she we me be these Pete
Ii — [aI] Hi ! P74
Bike like hike pike(长矛) rite(宗教仪式) site spite (vent pessonal spite) bite kite cite (引用)excite recite unite quite side slide glide (滑动) hide wide tide ride decide describe mine nine wine fine shine spine (脊骨) dine line pine vine (葡萄树) Nice mice lice dice rice price slice vice(副的) ice advice Tribe jibe (嘲笑) describe inscribe (刻写)life wife knife rife strife (冲突) Time dime lime(石灰) mime(摹拟笑剧) rime (韵脚) crime five dive live (有电)hive (蜂房) arrive rive (撕开)mile tile wipe
Might fight night light slight bright right sigh high
Bind wind kind find behind mind Child mild wild blind remind grind rind (树皮)
Magpie die lie tie vie (争)
Silent night / white lie
If the price is right ,I will buy your rice .
[g] –good girl gig P16
Jj — [d3][eI]
Kk—[k][ei]
去掉共同音[eI] ,就是字母在单词中的发音。
Gg—[d3][i:]
Age wage gage (抵押品)page rage sage cage stage huge homage (效忠) engage damage dge—bridge fridge ridge dodge lodge(租房给某人) hodge (庄稼汉) knowledge
Jane jade job jet jacket
Hh —-[eI][ts]
China cheat chicken chair teach lunch each beach peach reach much
Match catch batch latch (门闩)watch scratch patch (补丁)hatch (孵蛋)
[ts] [d3] (p90) 清辅音:送气增强 声带不振动 ;浊辅音:送气减弱 声带振动 。
Tt—[t][i:]
爆破音:[t ] [d] [k] [g] [p] [b]
1) 失去爆破(不完全爆破) :发音时,爆破音彼此相遇时,前一个爆破音只摆好姿势(留出发这个音的正常时间)不发音,紧接着发下一个音。
Goodbye sit down blackboard
实际上爆破音和后面的辅音相遇都有失去爆破现象。如:Good morning . This is a good lesson .
2) 清辅音浊化(送气减弱) :如果[t ] [ [k] [p] 落在清音[s]的后面,
[t ] → [d] → student study still stand stone stood star stop
[k] → [g] → school skate ski sky skin scarf skim
[p] → [b] → spoon sport spin spy speed spot spring spell
有“气”无“声”的音叫“清音”,有声的音叫“浊音”。
印度英语:[t ]--- [d] [p]------ [b] pen –ben
i----[ I ] bit sit wit pit hit fit lit
Bin sin win pin hint
Give her a pill if she is ill .
She filled my dish with fish .
Oo ---[ ] P89
No so hello
O --- coke poke joke nose pose dose close rose prose cosy (暖和舒适的)home dome (圆屋顶 苍穹) Hole whole pole tadpole (蝌蚪) role mole (鼹鼠,痣) vole (田鼠) lone bone cone (锥形物)clone (克隆)throne(宝座) phone postpone stone hope slope (斜坡)cope scope telescope rope envelope old sold fold gold told mold bold hold only photo phone sofa
Oa ---coat boat bloat (肿胀) goat goad (刺棒) toad (癞蛤蟆) moat (壕沟) float gloat (幸灾乐祸)soap coal goal foam coach coax poach(侵入他人地界偷捕.poach for dogs and chickens (偷鸡摸狗)boast coast roast toast
ow--- bowl yellow bellow (牛风)吼叫 fellow mellow (圆润的歌喉) snow show low row bow sow (播种)mow (割草) crow (乌鸦)slow glow blow kowtow borrow sorrow sparrow arrow barrow (手推车) harrow (耙子)marrow (骨髓)narrow window widow pillow willow follow hollow
[D ] -o---box ox fox pox nod God Cod(鳕鱼) plod(沉重缓慢走) mod (现代派的一
份子)dog fog frog log clog (堵塞) hog (猪科动物) lost cost rock mock (嘲笑:学某人的走路)lock block (街道:The bank is two block away .过两条马路就是银行。)flock (一群)clock rob snob Bob mop top hop cop stop shop pop job Bob lob mob (暴民) blot (污渍,如墨水) not lot slot pot dot shot hot spot clot(血凝块) boss toss loss cross across moss (苔藓) cross P45
Tom’s got a lot of dots on his pocket.
Uu--- (开音节) use fuse fume (难闻的烟气) perfume cute cube (立方体) nude tube mute muse (沉思冥想) huge tune dune (沙丘)duke (公爵) duma (杜马) unit mule (骡子) refuse refute amuse accuse(告发) excuse abuse confuse acute contribute (贡献)
Ew –few hew knew mew new pew dew stew
Ue ---argue rescue value
Ww ---[d] [∧ ] [b] [l][j]][u:] P34
u—-[ ∧ ] bun run fun sun gun pun shun bus us sum hut cut nut shut mum bug dug rug hug drug (药物)dub (配音) drub (跺脚) drum stub(树桩)stud (种马) hxub (冲头) rub scrub (用力擦洗)cherub (小天使)
u— [ ∧] luck duck suck buck truck luck yuck butter mutter
o— [ ∧] love glove shove (猛推)(mother brother other bother smother come some money son color month
Qq--- [k] [j][u: ]
Yes yen yellow yet yo-yo yell
[u:] —oo- --moon noon soon spoon choose tool too school
ue—blue glue slue(大量) flue (烟道、渔网)true clue rue (懊悔)
ui—juice suit cruise recruit (征募新兵) crew grew drew screw flew blew
ou ---[u:]—you soup group coupon
[ u ] ------ Foot look book hook took cook
Ou ------ [u] could would should
Rr – [a : ] P34
Ar—art car far tar park shark bark spark cart fart dart(飞镖) scarf snarl (混乱) article Large charge discharge barge (驳船、大型游船) Fast last mast past cast task flask (烧瓶) ask glass class father after
Al---[ a:] ---half calf (牛犊) palm calm
The car was parked in the dark .
Half the class laugh.
Xx—[ e ] [ k ] [ s ]
含有共同音[e ] 的字母:f , x , m, n, s 去掉共同音 [e ] 就是字母在单词中的发音。
Yy—w] [ai] (外“屋”老吴家的“吴”老二一“无”所有,是个窝囊废。)
英语中半元音有两个:[w] [j]
w---[w] water watch wake well
wh—[w] what why when where which white wile
y--[j] –yes yawn yuck yum your year Yale
Zz---[z][i: ] [s ][z]
含有共同音[ i :] 的字母:b, c , d , g , p, v , t, z 去掉共同音[ i :] 就是字母b, c , d , g , p, v , t, z 在单词中的发音。
英语字母在单词中的读音是有规律可循的:
1. 单个辅音字母的读音 一般是把字母名称中的元音去掉。有以下四种形式:
(1) 去掉名称音中的共同音[i:] ,如 b [b] c [s] d [d] g[d3] p [p] t [t] v [v] 等;
(2) 去掉名称音前的共同音[e], 如 f [f ] l [l ] m[m ] n[n] s[ s] x [ks] 等 ;
(3) 去掉名称音后的共同音[ei], 如 j [d3] k [k] ;
(4) 写法相同,读音不同,按和辅音字母同形的的音标读音, 如h [h] r [r] w[w] z[z] 等。
(5) 字母与音标同形的有:
b [b] d[d] h[ h] k[k] l [l ] m [m ] n [ n] p [p] r[ r ] t [t ] w [w ] z [z]
[ ] [ ] P67
[ ] -thank three thing thick thin through mouth south
[ ] -this that the those these mother father rather brother feather leather heather breather (呼吸者)
[ ] [3 ]
[ ] -sh-- she shy shit sheep sheet shame shut shun short wash cash lash (鞭打)crash slash (砍)rash dash hash (切细)dish bush push hush brush action conversation
[3 ] -s -treasure pleasure usual vision television decision P77
[tr] [dr]
[tr] -tr --- tree try truck trick track true trip P90
[dr] -dr ---drink drive draw dry drop
[ts ][dz ] [ts ]---ts ---cats coats let’s hats bats P89
[dz ]---ds ---beds heads birds needs feeds
[t ] [d ] [k] [g ] [p] [b ] [f ] [v ][s ] [z ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ts] [d3] [tr] [dr] [ts ][dz ]
英语中的辅音成双成对的辅音有10对, 发清辅音的时候,送气增强,声带不振动;发浊辅音的时候,送气减弱,声带振动。
[ ): ] -o-short port sport fort fork lord afford
-al-call fall gall (胆囊) hall ball mall wall all small walk talk chalk stalk (balk
-aw -paw saw law haw draw claw (动物的爪) pawn prawn (对虾 lobster 龙虾 shrimp 小虾)dawn lawn hawk (鹰)awful 极坏的
- au-august haunt (鬼出没) daunt (吓人) flaunt (炫耀)audio (听觉的) auction (拍卖) augur (预言家) auto (汽车)
- ough ---fought bought sought daughter
- our --- four your pour mourn course court
-ore - store core more sore shore fore pore(毛孔) core tore bore more lore (知识) wore
- oar (摇橹)roar (怒吼)soar(盘旋) boar(公猪) board hoard (囤积)hoarse (沙哑) Don’t walk on the lawn .
[3; ] [ ]
[3; ] - ir- bird fir skirt shirt firm dirt dirty girl birthday first
ur-purse nurse burn turn hurt church fur surf curl Suburb perturb( 烦扰) disturb (打搅)
ear-earn earnest learn pearl heard earth dearth search research yearn (渴望)
er-her herself herd (牧群) term serve fern ( 蕨菜) nervous mermaid (美人鱼)
or-word world work worm worth worst worse
First come first served.
Her purse is made of fur .
His brother sent a letter to his father .
The doctor said his mother was better .
* 英语中长短元音有四对, 长元音的口型小,短元音的口型大。
[I ] [ i : ]
[u ] [u : ]
[ ] [3: ]
[D ] [ ]
[eI][aI][ ] [au] [ ][ ] [e ]
ow --[au]-cow bow now how owl (猫头鹰)down town gown(睡衣) crown brown brow towel vowel tower cower (打哆嗦) flower shower P89
ou-- [au] ---bounce noun mouth mouse out about house louse rouse grouse (抱怨)out pout spout about shout couch pouch crouch grouch (发脾气) bound found hound sound pound mount wound round around
oy-[ I ] --boy doy(傻) soy(酱油、大豆) toy coy(女孩害羞) joy Roy loyal royal annoy oyster employ enjoy P75
oi ---[oi]---oil coil foil soil toil spoil hoist join coin voice choice void point noisy toilet point
eer --[ I ]---cheer sheer deer sneer(嘲笑)steer (操纵) peer (凝视)beer jeer(嘲笑) seer(预言家) leer (斜睨:表示敌意、会意、嘲弄)queer peer (凝视)veer (转向) P99
ear-[I ]-- beard fear dear hear gear(齿轮、排挡) near rear year tear spear shear
air-[ e ]---air fair hair lair pair chair Blair stair airport P105
are -- [ ]--- bare care dare hare mare 母马)pare (削苹果)rare tare (救荒野豌豆) fare share spare stare scare flare nightmare blare (喇叭)嘟嘟地大声响 warfare welfare
The bears were there .
The mayor asked you to take care .
our --[u ]---tour dour gourmet gourd detour bourse ure -sure
oor-poor moor boor(沼泽)P99
三元音:[air] fire hire tire wire mire expire lion shire (郡) admire spire (塔尖) 尖顶 sire 陛下 desire retire acquire require inquire
Having been fired he is in the mire
[aur ] sour our power tower cower flower shower
[eir]
[Dir]
[our]
qu-[qw] -quick quiet quite quit quiz quench queer quilt quill quote *
l 音标和字母同型 但发音不同:
r -[r] red read roof h-[h] he hello hi have w-[w]
读音标教材。
容易念混淆的音:
fill feel ship sheep pit pet sit set man men send sand let late bed bade mean main read raid
音标总结:
1. 辅音
2. 元音: (20个)
前元音:(4个)
中元音:(3个)
后元音:[a:] [u:] [u][D] [ : ]
双元音:1)开合型 :(5个)
2)集“中”型 :(3个)
开音节 :绝对开音节和相对开音节中的元音读成字母音。相对开音节单词的特点是“元音+辅音+e(不发音) ” , 其中的元音读成字母音,如: cake name game lame tame same take page plate skate make tape staple 。
闭音节 :闭音节单词末尾以辅音字母结尾,元音的发音都读成音标音。
fun gun bus nut cut cat bit sit cop bet pen
英语和汉语不同,英语是表音文字,它的特点是字面怎么,单词怎么拼写就怎么发音,发音具有规则性,掌握音标和读音规则就可以自然拼读单词。
开音节的口诀:
a--a---[eI] 、e---e—[ i: ] 、i---i—[aI] 、o—o---[ou] 、u—u—[ju:]
闭音节的口诀:
a--a---[ ] 、e---e—[ e ] 、i---i—[I] 、o—o---[ D] 、u—u—[∧]
Fad (狂热) –fade wag(摇摆)—wage lad—lade(装船) fat –fate gat(狭窄通道)—gate bat —bate(减少)cap—cape rat—rate hat—hate Pal—pale plan—plane tap—tape gal(女孩)—gale(大风) gag(塞口物)—gage gap—gape dam—dame Sam—same mad—made cam(凹轮)—came can—cane pan—pane (框格玻璃) at—ate mat—mate stag(雄性动物)—stage rap—rape
Gen(情报)—gene pet—Pete met—mete(给予) set –scene these
Bit—bite lit—lite sit—site fin—fine pin—pine din—dine win—wine spin—spine (脊骨) kit—kite quit—quite spit—spite pip(果籽)pipe Tim—time dim—dime hid—hide rip(撕)—ripe
Cop—cope dot—dote (昏聩) not—note rod—rode
Us—use cub(幼兽)—cube cut—cute hug—huge fuss—fuse tub(浴盆)—tube
英语的“减音”,即失去爆破(不完全爆破) :
爆破音彼此相遇时,前一个爆破音只摆好姿势,留出发这个音的正常时间不发音。
Goodbye sit down blackboard
英语的连读:在流畅的英语口语中,单词与单词之间会发生连读。两个单词间首尾音素之间的发音自然地拼读在一起,中间不停顿。连读是语流的自然结果。
英语的连读是区别汉语的重要特征。汉语的字词之间“字正腔圆”,相对独立。
1)[t][j]----[ts]: hit you last year what you say
2) [d][j]---[d3] I need you . Did you go to school ?
Would you like a cup of tea?
英语的“增音”:
1) 英音中,在以字母r结尾的单词,r不发音,但与后词的词首元音发生连读时发音,读/r/,如far away。
2) 美音中,无论是连读还是不连读,字母通常都会发音,外加音/r/。
3) 如果前词以/ / / / / /,后词以元音//开始,为了发音的方便,英国英语中或美国英语中会在两个元音之间加上微弱的/r/来连接,如:
idea of it读为/ai’dierevit/.
Earache (耳朵痛)
The area of the room
There is a book on the desk .
There are some books on the desk .
Where are you ?
I can’t bear it .
A pair of shoes
I will take care of it
新目标词汇: about amount away afford accord guild build built guilt

通过熟悉的单词联想记忆新的单词
Have -haven (避难所) brown -frown brother-bother /smother action -auction
listen -glisten (闪光)
dearth(缺乏) earth (地球上缺乏资源) 2) dear 昂贵的,物以稀为贵,所以缺乏。
Paste(面团)Pasta 通心粉 由面团(paste )构成的。
Scar /scare /scarf
Scar :被小汽车(car)撞了一下,所以留下了伤疤(scar) 。
scare :留下了的伤疤(scar )怪吓人的,就变成了scare 。
scarf :因为有了scar ,所以就每天戴着围巾(scarf)来上班。
Number (数字) 人一喝酒就变得麻木了(numb) ,连数字(number)都记不清了。
Afraid : 敌人来空袭(air raid ) , 老百姓的第一反应是afraid 。
Broth :古时候晋文王重耳落难,介之推将自己大腿上的肉割下来做成肉汤给他充饥,二人的关系真是情同手足(brother)。
money honey champion scopion famous glamous
hobby lobby
hotel motel France dance chance
Magic (有奇异魔力的) tragic (悲惨的)

英语翻译(越准确越好)

Dear Gary
How are you? it's so nice t know you. I am so excited to find your location.
And now, please allow me to introduce myself.My name is Chang Wen, and we meet last time.I'm from Mayang, Huaihua in Hu Nan provinc.There is famous South Great wall ,outstanding writter---Shen Congwen,and the pretty scenes also pretty girls for race of Miao. I am in Miao race as well. Most people in my hometown are farmers, they farm for their life time. The government has issed my beneficial policies for farmers. So many people moved to work outside the village and they leave their children and elder people at home.But it seems that they are not earning to much money in the outside world, because they know less skills, have to make their life by labour and do some unskilles work. The payment for that is very litlle.And this make it harder to afford their children's study at school. We have rare chance to go to school.
But at present, there is drastic competition in the society,if one can not master a foreign language,especially English, it will be difficult to have better life.As the globlizations going on, it can be said that English will lead to a better future.it is much more important that there are also many people who do not know English in China.So I came to you that day, and I want to learn English from you.But you see, I have no too much money, it is a little impossible for me to pay you 100yuan per hour.I do not want to give up the chance to learn English, So could you teach me free of charge?for example, we can do it on weekend.I know that it's not eaque for you, but in order to improve my poor English, I give you this letter and trouble you again. Please give me a chance. I will appreciate very very much.
By the way, if you want learn Chinese or want to pay a visit to Feng Huang, I think I can provide some help.
我看他够呛能答应,还是自学吧
You know when I found you, I is how happy?
First of all, I'd like to introduce myself, my name is ZhangWen, last time you have seen me. I come from huaihua mayang, that is a remote and beautiful place. She nearby tourist resorts in phoenix, don't know you have heard of the phoenix, there is great, and generation of literati in south and beautiful shen - MiaoGu girl and charming scenery. But I also miao people. In my hometown, a farmer is most people. A recent government policy implementation issue. So most folks are now working out, leaving some children and the elderly at home. The folks working out by only their cheap labor. Their salary is not high. So study for us is almost the only way out.
Now in the increasingly fierce competition in society, if don't grasp a foreign language (English) also is especially for competitiveness. With the internationalization of English. Mastering English may say to a good way. More importantly, China has so many people don't know English. So say that I come to you and say to you, but you will also learn English that we have sufficient funds, according to your 110 per hour, which was not possible, but I don't want to give up the opportunity to learn English, so I want to say to you, you can not my money, when you're free to teach me English? For instance in the weekend. I also know that it is very difficult for you to do, but to change my poor English, I ask you, hope you can understand and agree.
BTW, if you are interested in learning Chinese, or want to phoenix travel, I think I can help you
Dear Gary,
nice to see you.
do you know when i find your address i am very happy!
first i want to introduce myself. my name is zhangwen ,last time you saw me. i come from hunan huaihuamayang, that is a beautiful place. there is difenghuang near it........
剩下的就不会了!
很好,很强大
Dear Friend,
The recent success of children's books has made the general public aware that there's a huge market out there.
And there's a growing need for new writers trained to create the $3 billion worth of children's books bought each year ... plus stories and articles needed by over 650 publishers of magazines for children and teenagers.
Who are these needed writers? They're ordinary folks like you and me.
But am I good enough?
I was once where you might be now. My thoughts of writing had been pushed down by self-doubt, and I didn't know where to turn for help.
Then, I accepted a free offer from the Institute to test my writing aptitude(潜能), and it turned out to be the inspiration I needed.
The promise that paid off
The Institute made the same promise to me that they will make to you, if you show basic writing ability:
You will complete at least one manuscript(手稿) suitable to hand in to a publisher by the time you finish our course.
I really didn't expect any publication before I finished the course, but that happened. I sold three stories. And I soon discovered that was not unusual at the Institute.
Since graduation, I have authored 34 nationally published children's books and over 300 stories and articles.
Free test and brochure
We offer a free aptitude test and will send you a copy of our brochure describing our recognized home-study courses on the basis of one-on-one training.
Realize your writing dream today. There's nothing sadder than a dream delayed until it fades forever.

Sincerely,
Kristi Holl, Instructor
Institute of Children's Literature

61. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that_____.
A. children’s books are usually bestsellers
B. publishers are making $3 billion each year
C. magazines for teenagers have drawn public attention
D. there is a growing need for writers of children's books
【答案】D.
【解析】前三段话从不同方面告诉我们急需儿童书籍的作者。
62. When finishing the course, you are promised to_____.
A. be a successful publisher
B. become a confident editor
C. finish one work for publication
D. get one story or article published
【答案】C。
【解析】由第五段话中的You will complete at least one manuscript(手稿) suitable to hand in to a publisher by the time you finish our course.可以知道答案。
63. Kristi Holl mentions her experience mainly to_____.
A. prove she is a good instructor
B. promote the writing program
C. give her advice on course preparation
D. show she sold more stories than article
【答案】B。
【解析】Kristi Holl用自己的例子证明该项目的可行性,同时也宣传了该项目。
【翻译】:
亲爱的朋友:
最近儿童读物的成功,使一般公众意识到,它有一个市场非常庞大的市场。
越来越有必要为新的作家培训,以创造每年价值30亿美元的儿童书籍购买... ...加上针对儿童和青少年的故事和文章所需要的650多出版商杂志。
谁是这些需要的作家?他们是像你和我的普通人。
但我就足够好了吗?
我曾经在您可能现在呆的地方。我写作的想法被自我怀疑压倒了,我不知道去哪里寻求帮助。
然后,我接受了来自于能够测试我写作潜能的组织免费提供的帮助。它结果成为了我需要灵感。
承诺得到了回报。
该组织所做出的对我的承诺同样将支付给你,如果你表现出基本的写作能力:您将至少有一个完整的适合你的手稿手,以便于在你完成我们的课程的时候能够交上来。
我真的没有想到我完成了课程之前会有任何出版,但它却发生了。我变卖了三个故事。我很快发现,在这个组织那并不是不寻常。
自毕业后,我已出版著作34个国家的儿童读物和超过300个故事和文章。
免费试用和小册子。
我们提供免费的能力倾向测试,并会向您发送了一份小册子来介绍我们公认的家庭学习课程,进行一对一的基础培训。
今天实现您的写作梦想。没有什么比一个梦想被耽搁更伤心的了,直到它消失永远。
此致。
克里斯蒂诺贝特霍尔,导师
儿童文学研究所

C
How Room Designs Affect Our Work and Feelings
Architects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behaviors. But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical(经验的,实证的) basis. They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused and lead to relaxation.
Researches show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity. In 2007, Joan Meyers-Levy at the University of Minnesota, reported that the height of a room's ceiling affects how people think. Her research indicates that higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook.
In additions to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence an occupant's ability to concentrate. Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell University found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard test of attention.
Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically, and it seems to, according to a study led by C. Kenneth Tanner, head of the School Design & Planning Laboratory at the University of Georgia. Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.
Recent study on room lighting design suggests than dim(暗淡的) light helps people to loosen up. If that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation. Researchers of Harvard Medical School also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax.
So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. "We have a very limited number of studies, so we're almost looking at the problem through a straw(吸管)," architect David Allison says. "How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them? That's what we're all struggling with."

64. What does Joan Meyers-Levy focus on in her research?
A. Light. B. Ceilings. C. Windows. D. Furniture.
【答案】B。
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知Joan Meyers-Levy focus on ceilings.
65. The passage tells us that ______.
A. the shape of furniture may affect people's feelings
B. lower ceilings may help improve students' creativity
C. children in a dim classroom may improve their grades
D. students in rooms with unblocked views may feel relaxed
【答案】A。
【解析】细节判断题。根据文中内容可知B,C和D均是错误的。
66. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that ______.
A. the problem is not approached step by step
B. the researches so far have faults in themselves
C. the problem is too difficult for researchers to detect
D. research in this area is not enough to make generalized patterns
【答案】D。
【解析】句意猜测题。根据划线句子后面的一句话可以知道该题的正确答案为:D。
67. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?
CP: Central Point P: Point SP: Sub-point(次要点) C: Conclusion
【答案】C。
【解析】考查文章结构。注意解题技巧。第一段为总要点,最后一段为结论,要点123共同服务于结论,重要的是要点二又包含了两个次要点(视觉上:颜色的作用和窗外视野的作用)。综上分析可知答案为:C。
【翻译】:
家具设计是如何影响我们工作和感情的
建筑师长久以来就感觉到我们生活的地方可能会影响我们的思想,感情和行为,但现在科学家正给予这种感情实证的基础。他们正在发掘如何设计促进创造力,使人们集中,并放松的空间。
研究表明,各方面的物质环境可以影响创造力。 2007年,琼迈耶斯,利维在美国明尼苏达大学的报告说,一个房间天花板的高度影响人们如何去思考。她的研究表明,更高的天花板鼓励人们更加自由的思考,这可能导致他们做出更多的抽象联想。低的天花板,另一方面,可能会激发更详细的展望。
此外,天花板的高度,所建筑物所提供的视野可能会影响到工作人员的注意力。南希井和她的同事发现,在康奈尔大学的研究,那些经历了在绿色方面大幅度提高的全家搬家的孩子们,在注意力的测试水平上有了巨大的提高。
运用天性去改善关注的焦点应该在学术上取得成功,它似乎是,根据由佐治亚大学负责学术设计与规划实验室的肯尼思唐纳领导的一项研究显示。唐纳和他的研究小组发现,距离窗子至少50英尺远的拥有畅通视野的教室学生比那些基本上忽视道路和停车场的学生在词汇、语言艺术和数学的测试上有更高的分数。
最近一项关于室内照明设计的研究表明,暗淡的灯光有助于人们放松。如果这大体上是真的,在晚宴或是聚会上保持低的光线可以增加放松。哈佛医学院的研究人员还发现,带有圆角边缘的家具可以帮助参观者放松。
迄今科学家们主要集中在公共建筑。 “我们有一个数量非常有限的研究,因此,我们看问题几乎是管中窥豹 ”建筑师大卫艾里森说。 “你怎么回答非常具体的问题,并把它们广泛的,普遍的运用呢?这就是我们都苦苦挣扎的事情。

D
When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education priority(优先). This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.
Music tells us who we are. Because music is an expression of the beings who create it, it reflects their thinking and values, as well ad the social environment it came influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions. Music expresses our character and values. It gives us identity as a society.
Music provides a kind of perception(感知)that cannot be acquired any other way. Science can explain how the sun rises and sets. The arts explore the emotive(情感的)meaning of the same phenomenon. We need every possible way to discover and respond to our world for one simple but powerful reason: No one way can get it all.
The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols. They are ways we human beings “talk” to each other. They are the language of civilization through which we express our fears, our curiosities, our hungers, our discoveries, our hopes. The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared with others. When we do not give children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses.
Science and technology do not tell us what it means to be human. The arts do. Music is an important way we express human suffering, celebration, the meaning and value of peace and love.
So music education is far more necessary than people seem to realize.
68. According to Paragraph 1, students
A. regard music as a way of entertainment
B. disagree with their parents on education
C. view music as an overlooked subject
D. prefer the arts to science
【答案】A。
【解析】从第一段我们可以知道,学生们一般把music列为entertainment,列为not important。所以正确的答案为:A
69. In Paragraph 2, the author uses jazz an example to
A. compare it with rock music
B. show music identifies a society
C. introduce American musical traditions
D. prove music influences people’s lifestyles
【答案】B。
【解析】推理判断题。通过第二段最后三行的描述,特别是最后一句话,我们可以断定该题的正确答案为:B。
70. According to the passage, the arts and science .
A. approach the world from different angles
B. explore different phenomena of the world
C express people’s feelings in different ways
D. explain what it means to be human differently
【答案】A。
【解析】推理判断题。通读文章我们知道艺术和科学从不同的角度来审视社会。而不是用不同的方式来表达人们的情感。
71. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Music education deserves more attention.
B. Music should be of top education priority.
C. Music is an effective communication tool.
D. Music education makes students more imaginative.
【答案】A。
【解析】主旨大意题。第一段话引出话题,表明人们对音乐的不重视,然后作者从不同方面来论证自己的观点:音乐应该得到人们更多的关注。
【翻译】:当学生和家长的要求根据重要性去评估学科,艺术就不可避免的排在了清单的底部。音乐很不错,人们似乎说,但并不重要。它往往被视为单纯的娱乐,但肯定不是优先教育。这种看法是短浅的。事实上,音乐教育对所有的学生是有益的、重要的。
音乐告诉我们我们是谁。因为音乐是一种人类表达方式,它反映了他们的思想和价值观,以及来自的社会环境。摇滚音乐就好像舒伯特的歌曲一样代表了一种生活方式。爵士影响了乔治格什温和其他音乐家引入到他们的音乐,这显然是美国人,因为它来自美国音乐的传统。音乐表达了我们的性格和价值观。它给予我们社会身份。
音乐提供了一种不能以任何其他方式获得的感知。科学可以解释为什么太阳升起和降落。艺术探索同样的现象情感的含义。我们需要一切可能的方式来发现和回应我们这个世界的一个简单而有力的理由是:没有一种方法可以得到这一切。
艺术是和数学和科学符号一样强大的作为沟通内容的思维形式。他们是我们人类相互“对话”的方式。他们是文明的语言,通过它我们可以表达我们的担心,我们的好奇心,我们的渴望,我们发现,我们的希望。
艺术我们思想和想象力形式的表达方式,以便于使它们能够与他人分享。一但我们没有给孩子一个重要表达自己如音乐的方式的机会,我们就剥夺了他们表达音乐的意译。
科学和技术并没有告诉我们什么是人权。艺术却做到了。音乐是一种表达我们人类苦难,庆祝活动,和平与爱的意义和价值的重要方式。
因此,音乐教育是人类更有必要去实行的

英语作文:养宠物的好处与坏处

Advantages and disadvantages of keeping pets
在西方,很多家庭养了宠物。花在养宠物身上的食物和医疗费用十分惊人。实际上,养宠物得从两个方面来分析,既有他的好处也有他的坏处。
In the West, many families like to keep a pet. We may be surprised at the amount of money they pay in terms of pets’ food or medical treatment, etc. Keeping a pet, indeed, has many advantages.
I have two main reasons for my argument. First of all, pets can be good companions, which is especially important for those who live alone and the old who can not get out much. What they get from the pets is not only hours of amusement but also loyalty. Some pets can even protect the house from thieves. Secondly, taking care of a pet also helps children to be responsible and caring members of the society. A child who learns to be very sensitive to the feelings of a pet can be expected to have positive attitudes to other people and life.
However, some others would argue that pets are dirty or dangerous. But I believe it is not that pets themselves are to blame, but their owners. If the owners train their pets properly and take very good care of them, they are unlikely to get dirty or become aggressive.
To sump up, there are surely more advantages than disadvantages to keeping a pet, especially for those lonely and young. Money spent on the special food for pets or the high fees paid for pets’ medical treatment is not a waste.
我为我的论点有两个主要原因。首先,宠物可以成为很好的伙伴,这是谁,尤其是对那些独居老人和谁不能走出了许多重要的。他们希望得到的宠物不仅小时的娱乐,而且忠诚度。有些宠物甚至可以防止小偷的房子。其次,考虑到宠物的关注,也是帮助孩子成为负责任和相互关怀的社会成员。谁的孩子学习是非常敏感的一个宠物的情绪是可以预期有其他人,而积极的人生态度。
然而,有些人会说,宠物是肮脏或危险。但我相信这不是要责怪自己的宠物,但它们的主人。如果业主培养他们的宠物,并采取适当很好的照顾他们,他们是不可能得到脏或变得咄咄逼人。
为了水池起来有一定的好处没有坏处,特别是保持一个宠物,这些孤独和年轻。花费在宠物或支付的费用特别高的食物
When it comes to the topic of keeping pets, some may think it is a waste of both time and money; some people, may find it is a great joy. As for me, I hold that keeping pets can bring me happiness.
关于饲养宠物,有的人认为这既浪费时间也浪费金钱,而有的人则认为这是乐趣所在。至于我,我认为养宠物能带来快乐。
Firstly, keeping pets can keep us company when we feel lonely. As we know that it is impossible for us to stay with others all the time, and sometimes we have to stay all by ourselves. At this time we may feel lonely, if you have a pet, it will help to keep company with you. You can play with your pet and regard it as your friend.
首先,宠物能在我们感觉孤独是陪伴我们,因为我们不可能时刻都有人相伴左右,而有的时候我们更愿意独处,这个时候可能会感觉孤独,如果有宠物,它就会是很好的陪伴。我们可以和动物一起玩,可以把它当朋友。
Secondly, keeping pets makes our world more harmonious. Animals are good friends to us human beings; it will make our world more harmonious to build friendship with them.
其次,宠物能让世界更和谐。动物是人类的好朋友,和动物建立朋友的关系将会使我们的世界更加和谐。
Last but not least, keeping pets makes us more patience. Animal needs careful cares, and we need bath them, feed them and take them out every day, which is time consuming. If we have a pet and can do that every day, we will become more patient.
最后,动物会使我们更有耐心。动物需要细心的照料,我们要给它洗澡、喂饭,还要每天带出去遛遛,这都很费时。如果我们有宠物,并每天这样照料它,我们会更有耐心的。
In a word, keeping pets can keep us company, make our world more harmonious and make us more patient, so I think it is a great for us to keep pets.
总的来说,宠物能陪伴我们,让我们的世界更加和谐,并锻炼我们的耐心,所以我认为养宠物对于我们来说是很好的。
Nowadays, alomost every family has adog or a cat as a pet.
Because the can bring us happinese.When we have something uahappy and don't want to tell anyone else,we can alwaystalk with our pets,though perhaps they don'tunderstand at all.
But if we do so we will fell muchbetter,especially when we're alone.When adults are busy and have no timeto look after their parents.
A pet will always a best present to the olds.But,keeping a pet will also bring us quite a lot trouble.
For example,most pets are very dirty andthey have a lot of diseases with them whichwill make us ill.
Sometimes a dog will bite someone whomay just want to touch it to express hisfriendship.
In this way pets will also make peopleunhappy!
写作技巧:
1、 审题立意,定文章主题。
对命题作文必须认真审题,对自由作文必须立好意。文章要有明确的主题,必须具备四个条件:准确、鲜明、深刻、集中。
例如"The English Teacher I Admire Most",文章的主题是关于写我最敬佩的一位英语老师,不能仅仅谈论老师这一职业或自己的几位老师。
2、 拟提纲,定骨架。英语作文审好题,立好意后,就要列提纲,确定文章的骨架。例如:1 )安排好层次段落,2 )铺设好过渡,3 )处理好开头和结尾。
如果作文中有提示句,还要从提示句的关键词出发,围绕关键词展开思路,发挥联想,记录下 联想到的内容,记录的方式可以是句子,也可以用单词或词组,可以用英语也可以用汉语。
3、 写主题句,理文章脉络。一篇短文的段落一般分为引导部分、主体部分和结尾部分。每段的主题句非常重要, 是作者思维的起点,切题的准绳,阐述的对象。
看到段落主题句,读者大致可以了解段落要阐述的内容。段落主题句通常是一个语法结构完整、内容概括、用词简洁明了的简单句。通常将段落主题句罝于段落的开头,可以使文章结构更清晰,更有说服力。
4、 参照提纲,扣主题句,充实内容。有了段落主题句后,还需要顺着段落主题句的方向,参照提纲中的思路,完成各个段落。
引导段要能引起读者的注意和兴趣,为主题段铺路架桥。主题段应围绕文章和该段的主题来展开。

英国的景点英文介绍

以前到过大英博物馆(British Museum)的人可能多少会觉得,大英丰富堂皇的收藏。居然没有一个足以衬托其地位的中庭,来迎接每日众多的游客。尤其是运气不好在前一两年参观大英博物馆的人,一定对于大门前的围墙,施工的混乱感到不解。不过这一切的不方便,在去年年底崭新的迎宾大厅(The Great Court)开放后,终於得以化解。这个耗资1亿英镑,由1999年底开始动工的整修计划,以伊利沙白皇后二世为名的大厅,在2000年的12月7日正式启用。整个大厅的屋顶完全以玻璃精巧覆盖,把原来当作博物馆的内部庭园,还有世界知名的阅览室,全部转换成一个漂亮广大并且壮观的公共空间。这个动用了1000吨石材、400吨钢筋,还有300吨玻璃精心打造的大厅,美丽的外观,古典的线条,让旅客在一进入大英博物馆,整个注意力完全被吸引至此一崭新的构造上。另外,位于此大厅中心的,就是大英博物馆珍贵的阅览室(Reading Room)。这个圆顶形状,建于1857年拥有许多珍藏书籍的阅览室,原本只提供持有阅览证的人士作研究之用,目前也藉由这个整修计划,向一般大众开放,让所有旅客得以一窥其真面目。自从大厅开幕以后,大英博物馆的公共空间不仅更宽敞、明亮,大厅连接各个展览空间的功能,也让整个参观的动现更为流畅。另外,藉由这次的整修计划,也提升了证个大英博物馆的硬体水准,让旅客有更舒适的参观空间。例如在大厅的两侧及上方,规划了咖啡座和餐厅,让旅客在劳累时,可以坐下来喝杯茶休息,或是舒服的用餐。而沿着阅览室的外侧,则有多达叁间亮丽的博物馆商店坐落于此,让旅客在参观之馀,还可以购买一些小礼品来纪念这次的参观。大英博物馆也适度地调整大厅的开放时间,除了周一到周三开放至晚上9点,周四到周六更开放到晚上11点,这大概是全世界中属一属二开放得最晚的博物馆了。有意造访伦敦的旅客,晚上如果没有特别计划,不妨到此走走。
景点地址:Great Russell Street如何到达:公共汽车:10, 24, 29, 73, 134;号线
地铁:Holborn, Tottenham Court Road, Russell Square,Goodge St
开放时间:星期一:9:00 - 18:00。星期二,三:9:00 - 21:00,星期四-星期六:9:00 -
景点电话:+44 (0)20 7580 1788
景点传真:+44 (0)20 7323 8614
Had been to the British Museum (British Museum) the number of people may feel, Great Britain has a rich grand collection. Actually do not have a sufficient background of their position in court, to meet the daily number of visitors. Particularly bad luck in the former in 2012 who visited the British Museum must for large wall in front of the construction chaos puzzled. However, all this inconvenience, in the end of last year's welcome a new hall (The Great Court) and opening up, finally resolved. The cost of 100 million pounds, from the end of 1999, commence the refurbishment program to the Queen Elizabeth II, in the name of the hall,
In 2000, was officially opened December 7. The entire roof of the hall completely delicate glass covered the original house as a museum garden, as well as world-famous reading room, converted into a pretty broad and spectacular public space. The use of the 1,000 tons of stone, 400 tons of steel, as well as 300 tons of glass, well-built hall, beautiful appearance and classic lines, so that visitors entered the British Museum, the entire attention was completely attracted to this a new construction on. In addition, the center located in this hall, that is, the British Museum reading room for rare (Reading Room). The dome shape, was built in a
857-year reading room has many collection of books, originally held by only those who read the cards for research purposes, is also through the renovation plan, open to the general public so that all visitors to a glimpse of their own identities. Since the opening of the hall after the British Museum's public space is not only more spacious, bright lobby to connect the various functions of exhibition space, but also the entire tour is a more fluid movement. In addition, through this renovation plan and it has raised a big British Museum card hardware level, so that visitors have a more comfortable space for visitors. For example, in the hall on both sides and above the planned cafes and restaurants, so that
Visitors in the tired, you can sit down and rest a cup of tea or a comfortable dining. And along the outside of reading, there are as many as three units located in this beautiful museum shop, so that visitors to visit the rest, you can also buy some small gifts to commemorate the visit. The British Museum is also appropriate to adjust the opening hours of the hall, apart from Monday to Wednesday open until 9 pm, Thursday to Saturday is more open to 11 pm, it is probably the world belongs to a genus 2 was the latest of the museum open . Tourists interested in visiting London at night if there is no special program, it may be this walk.
Attractions Address: Great Russell Street How to get there: Bus: 10, 24, 29, 73, 134; Line
Metro: Holborn, Tottenham Court Road, Russell Square, Goodge St
Opening hours: Monday: 9:00 - 18:00. Tue & Wed: 9:00 - 21:00, Thursday - Saturday: 9:00 --
Attractions Tel: +44 (0) 2075801788
Attractions Fax: +44 (0) 2073238614
回答人的补充 2009-09-06 10:11
白金汉宫(Buckingham Palace)建于1703年,最早称白金汉屋,意思是“他人的家”。
1762年,王室将其买下,又不断加以改装、增建,最终形成了这座色调不尽一致,式样五花八门的“补丁宫殿”。但是,正面的大门富丽堂皇,外栅栏的金色装饰威严庄重。烟诏生辉,厚重铁门的浮雕亦营造出与宫殿十分和谐的氛围。
围墙里面,可以看到那些著名的近卫军士兵纹丝不动地位立着,这薄薄的一层围墙作为防御将宫殿与外界隔开,总让人觉得不够牢固。
当女王住在宫中时,王室旗帜会在宫殿中央高高飘扬。
此外,宫殿南侧的女王画廊及皇家马厩到底怎样?突发联想的人一定要去看一看,那里也已对外开放。
皇家马厩
开放时间:每周三12:00-16:00
票 价:3.50英磅,学生2.50英磅
电 话:(0171)7992331
Buckingham Palace (Buckingham Palace) was built in 1703, the earliest, said Buckingham House, which means "other people's homes."
In 1762, the royal family be bought, but also continue to be modified, build, culminating in this color are not consistent, pattern variety of "patch palace." However, the front door of grandeur and outside the fence of the gold decoration solemn dignity. Smoke imperial Shenghui, heavy iron gate of the relief is to create a very harmonious atmosphere and palaces.
Inside the wall, you can see the status of well-known Guard soldiers stood absolutely still, this thin layer of wall of the palace with the outside world as the defense will be separated from the overall impression that is not solid enough.
When the queen lived in the palace, the royal flag flying high in the central palace.
Moreover, the Palace on the south side Queen's Gallery and the Royal Stables in the end what? Sudden one who is going to take a look at Lenovo, where has also been opened.
Royal Mews
Opening hours: Wednesdays 12:00-16:00
Tickets: £ 3.50, students £ 2.50
Tel: (0171) 7992331
海德公园(Hyde Park, London)是伦敦皇家公园中最大的一个, 占地160万平方米,也是伦敦最知名的公园。西边与Kensington Gardens(肯辛顿公园)相连. 在肯辛顿公园, 游人可以参观戴安娜王妃生前曾经居住过的肯辛顿宫. 海德公园内西南角建有戴妃纪念喷泉. (The Diana Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain),它建在蛇形湖泊旁, 据说戴妃生前经常在那里休憩散步。海德公园的北面有著名的演讲角(Speaker's Corner), 是一个很大的可以公开发表自己观点的地方, 经常可见有人在此即兴演讲.几乎每年夏季大型露天音乐会也在这里举行.。
Hyde Park (Hyde Park, London) is the largest of London's Royal Park, which covers 1.6 million square meters, as well as London's most famous parks. Western and Kensington Gardens (Kensington) connected. In Kensington, visitors can visit once Princess Diana Lived in Kensington. Hyde Park built the south-western corner of Princess Diana Memorial Fountain. (The Diana Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain), which built adjacent to the Serpentine lake, said Princess Diana sitting there in his regular walk. Hyde Park to the north are famous speech (Speaker 's Corner), is a great place to be aired their views, you can often see someone in this impromptu speech. Large open-air concert every summer is almost here
For the museum in Mumbai, see Bhau Daji Lad Museum.
The Victoria and Albert Museum
Established 1852
Location Cromwell Gardens, South Kensington, London
Collection size 4.6 million objects
Visitor figures 2,400,000 (2006)[1]
Director Mark Jones
Public transit access South Kensington
Website www.vam.ac.uk
In 2000, a 11 metre high, blown glass chandelier by Dale Chihuly was installed as a focal point in the rotunda at the V&A's main entrance.The Victoria and Albert Museum (often abbreviated as the V&A) in London is the world's largest museum of decorative arts and design, housing a permanent collection of over 4.5 million objects. Named after Prince Albert and Queen Victoria, it was founded in 1852, and has since grown to now cover some 12.5 acres (0.05 km2)[2] and 145 galleries. Its collection spans 5000 years of art, from ancient times to the present day, in virtually every medium, from the cultures of Europe, North America, Asia and North Africa. The museum is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.
The holdings of ceramics, glass, textiles, costumes, silver, ironwork, jewellery, furniture, medieval objects, sculpture, prints and printmaking, drawings and photographs are among the largest and most comprehensive in the world. The museum possesses the world's largest collection of post-classical sculpture, the holdings of Italian Renaissance items are the largest outside Italy. The departments of Asia include art from South Asia, China, Japan, Korea and the Islamic world. The East Asian collections are among the best in Europe, with particular strengths in ceramics and metalwork, while the Islamic collection, alongside the Musée du Louvre and Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, is amongst the largest in the world.
Alongside other neighbouring institutions, including the Natural History Museum and Science Museum, the V&A is located in what is termed London's "Albertopolis", an area of immense cultural, scientific and educational importance. Since 2001, the Museum has embarked on a major £150m renovation program[3] which has seen a major overhaul of the departments including the introduction of newer galleries, gardens, shops and visitor facilities. Following in similar vein to other national UK museums, entrance to the museum has been free since 2001.
伦敦人昵称为V&A的维多利亚与艾伯特博物馆(Victoria & Albert Museum),馆藏了全世界最多的装饰艺术品与英国雕塑,丰富多样化的典藏工艺品让人目不暇给,17世纪至今的服饰潮流、彩色玻璃制品、中古宝藏等,来到V&A必为来自世界各国的人类成就赞叹不已。V&A创立于1852年,展示空间共分4层楼,地面楼有伊斯兰、印度、中国、日、韩等多国历史文物,其中印度文物收藏号称全世界最多;韩国文物年代则可追溯至西元300年。服装展示区(Dress Collection)也相当有趣,从马甲上衣、撑架蓬蓬裙到现代时尚服饰;17世纪初方巾帽到19世纪大型花边帽;所有服饰配件的演进与潮流,这里都有实品提供完整的说明。V&A的摄影艺术馆也相当着名,1858年就举办了第一个摄影展,经常展出不同名家作品。
我给你一个网址。上面什么都有。。http://www.timeout.com/london/
http://www.bbc.co.uk/zhongwen/simp/
多到你看不完。
威斯敏斯特教堂
威斯敏斯特教堂是英国王室休息的地方,在基督教中是访问量最大的教堂。这是一个美丽的建筑,里面有很多墓和纪念碑,喝诗班的男童清清他们的喉咙发出的音乐像是深入到你的脊髓。唱名表决的死者和荣幸,让利己主义者和华丽的记念品都为之逊色
Westminster Abbey
A resting place of the royals, Westminster Abbey, is one of the most visited churches in the Christian world. It's a beautiful building, full of morose tombs and monuments, with an acoustic field that will send shivers down your spine when the choirboys clear their throats. The roll call of the dead and honored is guaranteed to humble the greatest egoist, despite the weighty and ornate memorabilia.
大本钟(Big Ben)是英国最著名的地标, 与英国国会大厦相连. 大本钟因其走时准确而名扬四海。每隔一小时,大钟根据格林威治时间发出沉重而铿锵的响声, 在数英里之外也能听到钟声的回荡.
Great bell (Big Ben) is the United Kingdom's most famous landmark, linked with the British parliament building. Great bell because, she was walking and accurate. Every Clock, bell Jiatelinwei Time issued under heavy sonorous sounds, a few miles away can hear the bell reverberate.
3.海德公园(Hyde Park, London)
海德公园(Hyde Park, London)是伦敦皇家公园中最大的一个, 占地160万平方米,也是伦敦最知名的公园。西边与Kensington Gardens(肯辛顿公园)相连. 在肯辛顿公园, 游人可以参观戴安娜王妃生前曾经居住过的肯辛顿宫. 海德公园内西南角建有戴妃纪念喷泉. (The Diana Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain),它建在蛇形湖泊旁, 据说戴妃生前经常在那里休憩散步。海德公园的北面有著名的演讲角(Speaker's Corner), 是一个很大的可以公开发表自己观点的地方, 经常可见有人在此即兴演讲.几乎每年夏季大型露天音乐会也在这里举行.
Hyde Park (Hyde Park, London) is the largest of London's Royal Park, which covers 1.6 million square meters, as well as London's most famous parks. Western and Kensington Gardens (Kensington) connected. In Kensington, visitors can visit once Princess Diana Lived in Kensington. Hyde Park built the south-western corner of Princess Diana Memorial Fountain. (The Diana Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain), which built adjacent to the Serpentine lake, said Princess Diana sitting there in his regular walk. Hyde Park to the north are famous speech (Speaker 's Corner), is a great place to be aired their views, you can often see someone in this impromptu speech. Large open-air concert every summer is almost here.
I finally had to go to "England"! I am quite happy, before all only can look in the calendar "the gothic style" the construction, this finally may witness these attractive grand constructions and the enchanting scenery.
Gently I walked, is similar to my gently coming, wields the sleeves of a dress, does not carry off clouds. Sat for 16 hours, the airplane also passed through the Hong Kong favorable turn, finally arrived Cambridge University which I longed for even in dreams.
Is well-known world university city - Cambridge, there has "king the institute", "31 institutes" and "the Claye institute".... "King the institute" in king the church is a representative which Cambridge constructs, also is the middle ages later period England building important model, "31 institutes" have the apple tree which the hometown moves from "Newton" for the commemoration "Newton" to discover "the gravitation". I also spent 8 pounds to sit "support the punting pole", circled Kang river well, Cambridge is really beautiful oh! ! !
Third days, we arrived one of European most beautiful cities "York", here is wards off the important important pass which "the North Sea young hero" raids, here
Has "England" entire grandest "the York cathedral", we also go to the stone street which becomes with the cobblestone shop, I also while convenient bought to have the commemoration key ring.
Fourth days, we arrived "Edinburgh", you believed the man puts on the skirt to be very attractive? You may Chang seedao put on the Scotland skirt on the Scotland road the bagpipe, you must photograph with him may, did not forget to give the money first, had to go to "the saint Luther imperial palace" originally to look at magnificent imperial family home adorn, but had "London" the subway to explode, therefore could not go, really was was a pity!
Fifth days, the lake district scenery really was too beautiful, along the way hillside fluctuation, carpet of green grass, as beautiful as a painting, walked in "the Peter rabbit" hometown, mother anxious description picture, finished attending the restroom to forget to take the belt-bag unexpectedly, certainly waited to think again went back, the great paper money all disappeared, the loss really was serious.
Previous day we arrived "the history Tela luck", here was famous "Romeo and Juliet" the author - "Sha Shibiya" place of birth, but also visited him and "Anne" the former dwelling, "the imperial Sha Shibiya theater" the front square, very many people out of office meal perhaps appreciate all kinds of ship's hold, some ship's hold sell the ice cream or Hamburg and so on, I also ran have bought two balls ice cream, was very delicious but is not cheap.
London bridge falling down, falling down, falling down, knew where I have been at? I visit the London tower, it has 900 years history, once for castle, royal palace, jail, therefore has produced the historical story which very many splendidly hangs doubts, Tarry has world biggest 500 carat diamonds, but I have not seen to, I certainly cannot miss with the famous London tower bridge according to Commander Zhang Shuai's picture. You have look have not had a package of bandage the mummy? I thought ultra is cruel, but the elder sister thinks disgusting! You may see in British Museum to very many special things, but because the London subway explodes, also everywhere the traffic jam, harms us only to see to two halls, really is repugnant! "Buckingham Palace" could not go, harmed me not to see to was valiant, the gas raised the imperial guard handing-over ceremony, also was gives a cursory look including "the Oxford University" to walk.
England and US play the feeling is completely different, US compares the modernization, moreover very stimulates amusement facility, England then is the scenery, the old castle is much more beautiful, but eats, I do not like very much.
想帮你发图片,但是我不知道怎么发,很抱歉
1楼的够多了,很意外V&A他都提到了,那是个好地方。。。。。。。。别弄太多高级词汇否则你老师也不认识的。
1楼有某些段落存在语法和词汇错误,请绕行。。。
Welcome
to
Cambridge-
home
of
the
famous
University,
carols
in
King's
College
Chapel
and
punting
on
the
river
Cam.
Cambridge
is
a
compact
cosmopolitan
city
with
outstanding
architecture
old
and
new.
The
beauty
of
its
ancient
centre
is
preserved
with
its
walkable
medieval
streets,
college
courts,
gardens
and
bridges.
What's
On
Things
to
See
and
Do
Walks
and
Guided
Tours
Restaurants,
bars,
cafes
FestivalsCambridge
is
a
delight
to
visit
in
any
season:
relax
in
its
many
pubs,
restaurants
and
cafes
whilst
exploring
the
independent
shops
around
the
historic
market
place.
There
are
brand
new
shopping
areas
too,
with
all
the
high
street
favourites
that
you
would
expect.
Be
inspired
by
the
museums
and
art
galleries;
spot
the
stars
of
the
future
at
a
student
theatrical
production,
or
see
a
show
at
the
Arts
Theatre.
Film,
live
music
of
all
kinds,
poetry
readings,
public
lectures
-
enter
into
the
intellectual
life
of
the
students
while
you
are
here.
Cambridge
is
easy
to
get
to
by
road,
rail
or
air
-
just
50
minutes
from
central
London
and
20
minutes
from
London
Stansted
Airport.
There
is
too
much
to
see
in
a
day.
Stay
a
few
nights
in
a
Cambridge
hotel
or
bed
and
breakfast
and
explore
the
market
towns
and
country
houses
around
Cambridge.
1,爱丁堡城堡
Edinburgh castle is a symbol of the spirit of Edinburgh and even Scotland.
(爱丁堡城堡是爱丁堡甚至于苏格兰精神的象征。)
Perched on top of dead volcanic rock, it overlooks downtown Edinburgh.
(耸立在死火山岩顶上,居高俯视爱丁堡市区。)
The annual march-past of the military band is held here in August.
(每年八月在此举办军乐队分列式。)
2,荷里路德宫
The palace of holyrood, formerly holyrood Abbey.
(荷里路德宫,前身为荷里路德修道院。)
It was later used as the royal residence, also known as the palace of the holy cross, at the end of the royal mile road.
(后被用于皇室住所,又名圣十字架宫,位于皇家哩大道的尽头。)
It has been the main residence of Scottish Kings and queens since the 16th century.
(自16世纪以来一直是苏格兰国王和女王的主要居所。)
It is the setting of state occasions and official entertainment places.
(是国家场合和官方娱乐场所的设置。)
3,格林威治公园
Greenwich park includes the old royal observatory, the museum of navigation and Greenwich pier.
(格林威治公园包含旧皇家天文台、航海博物馆、格林威治码头在内的整片区域。)
Maritime Greenwich.
(以“maritime greenwich”主题。)
It was listed as a world heritage site by UNESCO in 1997.
(在1997年时被联合国科教文组织列为世界珍贵遗产。)
4,圣玛利教堂
St. Mary's church is located opposite king's college.
(圣玛利教堂位于国王学院对面的圣玛利教堂。)
Until the 18th century, it was the place where Cambridge university degrees were awarded, and then it became Senate House.
(在18世纪以前是剑桥大学授予毕业生学位的场所,后来才改到现今的Senate House。)
5,千禧巨蛋
The millennium dome's striking white dome is matched by steel pillars around it.
(千禧巨蛋醒目的白色圆顶,搭配着四周的钢骨支柱。)
The millennium dome, on the Banks of the Thames, was once hailed as Britain's most successful paid tourist attraction.
(坐落在泰晤士河畔的“千禧巨蛋”曾被誉为英国最成功的收费观光景点。)
It was also the climax of the year 2000 celebration in the UK.
(也曾是英国“庆祝2000年”活动最高潮的地点。)
But the millennium dome has been controversial from construction to completion.
(但“千禧巨蛋”从兴建到落成一直争议不断。)
参考资料来源:百度百科-千禧巨蛋
参考资料来源:百度百科-圣玛利教堂
参考资料来源:百度百科-格林威治公园
参考资料来源:百度百科-荷里路德宫
参考资料来源:百度百科-爱丁堡城堡

清明节用英语怎么说?

Tomb-SweepingDay或者QingMingFestival。
清明节是中华民族古老的节日,既是一个扫墓祭祖的肃穆节日,也是人们亲近自然、踏青游玩、享受春天乐趣的欢乐节日。
斗指乙(或太阳黄经达15°)为清明节气,交节时间在公历4月5日前后。这一时节,生气旺盛、阴气衰退,万物“吐故纳新”,大地呈现春和景明之象,正是郊外踏青春游与行清墓祭的好时节。清明祭祖节期很长,有10日前8日后及10日前10日后两种说法,这近20天内均属清明祭祖节期内。
自然节气
清明节,兼具自然与人文两大内涵,既是“二十四节气”之一,也是传统祭祖节日。“二十四节气”是上古农耕文明的产物,它与干支时间以及八卦等是联系在一起的,有着久远的历史源头。“二十四节气”不仅在农业生产方面起着指导作用,同时还影响着古人的衣食住行,甚至是文化观念。
在早期观象授时时代,依据斗转星移定岁时,斗柄顺时针旋转一圈,谓之一岁(摄提)。天维建元,是从寅开始的,如《淮南子·天文训》收录:“帝张四维,运之以斗,月徙一辰,复返其所,正月指寅,十二月指丑,一岁而匝,终而复始”。
在传统文化中,寅位是后天八卦的“艮位”,是岁终岁首交结的方位,代表终而又始,《易·说卦传》:“艮,东北之卦也,万物之所成终而所成始也。
  因为清明节有扫墓的习俗,所以清明节可翻译为“Tomb-sweeping Day”.
  例句:
  1、Villagers of the Great Wall village go to the mountain to offer sacrifice to the ancestors at Tomb-sweeping Day.
  照片说明:每年清明时节长城村的村民们来到山上祭典祖先。
  2、The day after tomorrow is the Tomb-sweeping Day.
  后天是清明节。
  3、The next first half year will be another collection of short holidays, Tomb-sweeping Day, and Dragon-boat Festival included.
  明年上半年又是一个小长假的集结期,无论清明,还是端午。
清 明 节
The Tomb-Sweeping Day
或者The Qingming Festival
The day after tomorrow is the Tomb-sweeping Day.
后天是清明节。
The Qingming Festival in spring is the occasion for visiting ancestral graves.
清明节是扫墓拜祭先人的日子。
Ching
Ming
festival.
清明节。
ching
ming
festival
网络
清明节;
[例句]Ching
Ming
Festival,
when
the
mountain
is
no
longer
lonely.
到了清明节的时候,山也不再寂寞。
清明节
翻译:Qingming Festival
【网络】Tomb-Sweeping Day; Ching Ming Festival; Pure Brightness Festival
【例句】
Today is Tomb Sweeping Day.
今天是清明节。
People love to fly kites during the Qingming Festival.
人们喜欢飞在清明节风筝。
Tomb Sweeping Day.
1、读音:英 [tu?m ?swi?p?? de?],美 [tu?m ?swi?p?? de?]。
2、例句:
Days before Tomb Sweeping Day, this cemetery in northeastern Jilin Province sees a drastic increase of visitors.
清明节前几天,吉林省东北部一个墓地,扫墓的人急剧上升。
Tomb Sweeping Day is our country traditional festival, is also offer sacrifices to festival most importantly, is the day which worships ancestors and visits grave.
清明节是我国传统节日,也是最重要的祭祀节日,是祭祖和扫墓的日子。
Prior to the advent of this Tomb Sweeping Day, he thinks of his late daddy and the unforgettable past.
这年清明节前,他又想起了自己的父亲,也想起了这段不同寻常的往事。
China has listed traditional Tomb Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival as legal holidays, which brings more paid leaves to the public, and is conducive to awaken the public awareness of traditional festivals.
近年来,国家将清明、端午、中秋等传统节日列为法定节假日,在给公众更多休假福利的同时,一些专家也认为,此举有利于唤醒公众对传统节日的认识。
The 22-year-old never thought of going to so many places when he completed his first trip to Yangzhou during the Tomb Sweeping Day holiday in his freshman year.
22岁的唐人立在大一学期那个清明节假期首次踏上旅程,前往扬州。那时的他从未想到自己会游历如此多的地方。
Certain folk customs on the Dragon Boat Festival, Tomb Sweeping Day, and other traditional festivals have gradually disappeared.
原本产生于民间的端午节、清明节等传统节日,一些节俗也已不再见于民间。
Water burials also help prevent traffic jams during Tomb Sweeping Day, the traditional festival for visiting the dead, he added.
他补充说,海葬还有助于避免在祭拜先人的传统节日清明节(Tome Sweeping Day)时的交通拥堵。

英语话题作文

  在平凡的学习、工作、生活中,大家一定都接触过作文吧,写作文是培养人们的观察力、联想力、想象力、思考力和记忆力的重要手段。为了让您在写作文时更加简单方便,下面是我整理的英语话题作文9篇,仅供参考,希望能够帮助到大家。
英语话题作文 篇1   Failure is a common thing in one‘s life。 Almost everyone experiences failure in his life。 When one fails in his attempt in doing something, he often feels upset。 Some people may yield to failure and flinch from it。 But others will stick to and achieve the final success。
  Success is what everyone expects。 It may lead to fame and glory。 When one suc ceeds in doing something, he gets so excited that he often neglects all the unsuccessful at tempts he has done。
  As the old saying goes, "Failure teaches success。" It is true that failure is an impor tam factor toward success。 The way to success is full of various difficulties and obstacles。 Many important inventions or discoveries were achieved after hundreds of failure。 And only those successes which have been achieved after many failures are really valuable and praiseworthy。
  在人的一生中失败是常事。几乎每个人在一生中都失败过。当一个人打算做某事失败时,他常常感到沮丧。有些人会屈服于失败而畏缩不前。而另外一个人却坚持不懈并取得最后成功。
  成功是人人都期待的,成功可以使人成名、荣耀。当一个人在做某事时成功了,他是那么高兴以致常常忽略了他曾经做过的那些没有成功的事情。
  正如俗话所说,“失败是成功之母。”失败是走向成功的重要因素,这是毫无疑问的。成功的道路上充满各种困难和障碍。许多重要的发明和发现是经过数百次失败才成功的。只有经过许多次失败后取得的成功才是真正有价值和值得称赞的。
英语话题作文 篇2   l have a best friend.her name is tina.we have many difference and similarities.she likes to do the same things as me.and she can make me laugh.but she is less more outgoing than me.she is very quiet.however,we both like reading.and do well in english.but she is smarter than me and l work harder than her.
  l think friends are like books-you don`t need a lot of them as long as they are good.
英语话题作文 篇3   Do you often practice your English Writing? Why/ why not?
  Do you like helping others? Why/ why not? Do you like watching movies in your spare time? Why/ why not?
  Would you please say something about a place you have visited?
  Can you say something about your favorite teacher?
  What is the happiest thing in your life? Why?
英语话题作文 篇4   用英语谈谈你对电影的看法:
  Of all kinds of movies, I like comedies best. I think they're interesting. My favorite actor is Jackie. I like his movie King of Comedy. I think it’s a successful comedy. For action movies, I like The Lord of the Ring best. It’s exciting. I like documentaries because they’re true stories. I like only some thrillers. Many thrillers are scary and boring.
  在各种各样的电影中,我最喜欢喜剧片。我认为它们很有趣。我最喜欢的演员是成龙。我喜欢他的电影“喜剧之王”。我认为这是一个成功的'喜剧。至于动作片,我最喜欢“指环王”。它令人兴奋。我喜欢纪录片,因为他们是真实的故事。我只喜欢一些恐怖片。许多恐怖片都太恐怖和无聊。
  请你用英语写一篇短文,介绍你的周末生活:
  I have a good weekend. On Saturday morning,I do my homework. After lunch, I go shopping with my mother. At about five o’clock, I go to play basketball with my friend. On Sunday, I watch a football game on TV. I often help my mother do housework. I watch TV with my parents in the evening. Then I go to bed at nine o’clock. I’m very happy on weekends.
  我有一个美好的周末。星期六早上,我做我的作业。午饭后,我和我的母亲去购物。大约5点,我和我的朋友一起玩篮球。星期天,我在电视上观看足球比赛。我经常帮助妈妈做家务。晚上我和我的父母看电视。然后我在九点钟去睡觉。周末我很快乐。
  以 My Favorite…为题,写一篇短文:
  My favorite subject is English. I like it because it is interesting. I have English every day. I can speak a little English. I join the school English club. Every afternoon I go there to talk in English. I can see English movies and read English books. I think it is useful for me. I want to learn it well. I like English very much.
  我最喜欢的科目是英语。我喜欢它,因为它很有趣。我每一天都上英语课。我会讲一点英语。我参加了学校的英语俱乐部。每天下午我去那里用英语交谈。我可以看英文电影和阅读英文书籍。我想这对我来说是有用的。我想学好它。我非常喜欢英语。
英语话题作文 篇5   Is it Good for College Students to fall in love in School?
  College students have more freedom than before and they also grow more and more mature in physical and mental. So it is natural that they would like to fall in love with someone. As a result, campus love becomes popular in university. For this phenomenon, people opinions vary. In my opinion, I dont agree with that phenomenon.
  跟以前相比,大学生拥有更多的自由,而且在身心上他们也在慢慢地变得越来越成熟。所以他们想谈恋爱是很自然的。结果校园恋爱在大学中就变得很普遍。对于这一现象,人们众说纷纭。在我看来,我是持反对意见的。
  First of all, falling in love with others cost a lot of money. When two people have that kind of relationship, they will go out with each other often. When they are going out, they have to spend more money. During the dating, the boy may try his best to buy things to make the girl happy. While the girl may start to make up or buy more beautiful clothes to make herself look better. All these need money. However, university students are still students. They have no income. Their money is from their parents. Falling in love with someone will increase the burden of their family and themselves.
  首先,恋爱需要花费很多钱。当两个人是那种关系的时候,他们就会经常一起出去。出去的时候就要花比较多的钱。约会中,男孩子会尽自己最大的努力去买东西给女孩让她开心。而女孩也会开始化妆或者买一些漂亮的衣服来让自己看起来更美丽。这些行为都是需要钱的。然而,大学生仍然还是学生。他们没有收入。他们的钱是父母给的。恋爱会增加家庭和自己的负担。
英语话题作文 篇6   The Joys Of Learning English
  Some of my friends are puzzled that I have chosen English as my major to have a further study in college.They believe that their majors like electronic machinery and civil engineering are hopefully promising and that my choice,learning English is not wise .I, however,think English Study has brought me rewards , including practical use andainner satisfaction.
  One obvious reward of learning English is practical use .I firstly have more opportunities to open up my new horizon in daily life . Spending much more time in learning it enables me to view popular English TV shows or read some English periodicals and classics . That spurs me to know more about something western , like lifestyles or thinking patterns ,by which , my knowledge reserves and horizon naturally are expanded . English study also is an advantageous skill for career development .With the encrease in cost of filling the vacant positions ,many foreign employers are more willing to hire a technical talent mastering English rather than spend more money on hiring a technical talent and an English one . Learning English Clearly gives a great advantage of getting a job.
  More important , Learning English is joyful because the inner satisfaction it gives .I felt excited and fulfilled when I figured out the beauty of a word or true intention of the author .Two weeks ago ,I was asked to finish an English writing about an emotion .I did not do well in the first two times , although I employed all my energies in it .When my teacher reminded me to pay attention to one word “emotion ”, I leaped to a conclusion that I just narrated an event rather than described an emotion . I finally did an excellent revised manuscript. That improvement in English study made me attain a sense of satisfaction although it was a small step in learning it.
  Some people may think English study wastes much time and energy and is barely useful .In fact , I am pleased with English study in that it is useful in daily life now and my future career , and most of all , it gives me a inner satisfaction .
英语话题作文 篇7    话题一:中学生的爱好与兴趣
  spare tie (业余时间), favrite (最喜欢的), interest(兴趣), hbb(爱好), appetite(嗜好),taste(口味), read nvels(也小说), pla ftball/basetball(打足球/篮球), surf the internet(上网), chat nline(在线聊天), pla gaes(玩游戏), cllect staps(集邮), ae e—friends(交网友), clib untains(爬山), watch TV (看电视), en ppular usic(喜欢流行音乐),be interested in(对…感兴趣), develp an interest in(在…方面发展兴趣), be fnd f(喜欢…),be een n(喜欢…), have lve fr(喜爱…), have a taste in(对…有兴趣) 等.
   话题二:劳动与劳动观念
  wr(工作), be at wr(在工作), wr hard(努力工作), prduce(生产), wrer(工人), labr frce(劳动力), labr(劳动), vluntar labr(义务劳动),serve the peple(为人民服务),heart and sul(全心全意),phsical labr(体力劳动), ental labr(脑力劳动), labr viewpint(劳动观念), labr da(劳动节), wrda(工作日), eans f labr(劳动方式), hnrable(光荣的), be devted t(奉献于..), value(价值), earn ne(赚钱) , persnal interests(个人利益)等.
   话题三:创建和谐社会
  harnius(和谐的), friendl(友好的), civilized(文明的), hnest(真诚的), credible (诚信的), be public—spirited(有公德心的), balanced(平衡的), be in rder(有序的), peaceful(和平的), live in harn(生活和谐), sustainable develpent(可持续发展)等,help each ether(互助), care fr each ther(互相关心), have deep lve fr (热爱), be cncerned with (关心), build(创建), cherish(珍惜), tae an active part in(积极参与), pa attentin t scial ral(讲究社会公德), prtect the envirnent(保护环境), save energ(节省能源)等.n pains, n gains. 不劳无获.
  …can be achieved b hard w. …可以通过劳动获得.it is difficult t find wr in the present situatin. 在当前形势下,很难找到工作.it is hnrable t … …是光荣的.if everne … fr thers and the sciet, ur wrld will be …如果每个人为他人和社会做…, 我们这个世界将会….ever ne shuld … and devtes hiself t building ur therland int a strng cuntr.每个人应该 …,为把我们祖国建设成为一个强壮的国家而奉献自己的力量.
   话题四:招聘与求职
  epl(雇佣), l fr(寻找), tae in(吸纳), full—tie(全职的), part—tie(兼职的), well—paid(薪水高的), be paid b the hur(按小时发工资), requireent(要求), résué(个人履历),schling(受教育情况), subects(课程), wring experience(工作经历), qualificatin(合格证明), transcript (成绩单), health(健康状况), present address(现在通讯地址)等,appl fr(申请…), graduate fr(毕业于), ar in(以…为专业), degree(学位), schlarship(奖学金), gd grades(良好的成绩), hbb(爱好), favrite(最喜欢的), be silled in(在…方面熟练), be gd at(擅长…), experienced(有经验的), cnfident(自信的), English and cputer abilit(英语和计算机能力), health(健康的)等.
   话题五:中学生的健康问题
  phsical and ental cnditin(身体与精神状态), strng(强壮的), un/health(不健康/健康的), verweight/fat(肥胖的), thin(瘦的), near/shrt—sighted(近视的), entall unhealth(精神不健全的), nral(正常的), abnral(不正常的), energetic(精力旺盛的), unhealth eating habit(不健康的饮食习惯), eat uch un fd (吃太多的垃圾食品)等,sta/eep health/fit(保持健康), build up ne’s bd/ iprve ne’s’ health(强身健体), enugh sleep(充足的睡眠), tae regular exercise(进行有规律的运动), rper diet(合理的饮食), gd living habits(良好的生活习惯), lse weight(减肥), reve heav burdens(减轻负担), be gd fr/d gd t(对…有益处), nutritin(营养), g n diet(节食), fr a … eating habit(养成一个…的饮食习惯) breathe in as uch fresh air等.
   话题六:环境保护
  pllute(污染),waste is scattering here and there.(到处撒满了废弃物),prtect the envirnent(保护环境) ,send ut se and pisnus gases int the air(散发出烟和有毒气体),cut dwn trees(砍伐树木), pur waste water int the rivers(把废水注入河流),it is a shae t thrw rubbish arund. (乱扔垃圾是可耻的),fr gd habits t prtect the surrundings(养成良好的习惯来保护环境), tae active easures t prtect rare anials(采取积极措施保护稀有动物), tae gd care f ur frests(关心我们的森林),plant re trees t iprve the envirnent (多植来改善环境),the terrible pllutin have dne great har t us as well as t the surrundings. (可怕的污染已经给我们自己还有我们的环境带来了很大的危害.)
   话题七:校园文明与安全问题
  schl rules and regulatins(学校规章制度),be(遵守), bserve(遵守), eep/bserve discipline(遵守纪律), behave well(表现良好),be neatl dressed(穿戴整洁), respect ne’s teachers and parents(尊敬师长), be n tie(准时), eep the envirnent clean(保持环境干净), civilized(文明的) brea the rules(违反规章制度), discipline(纪律), spit(吐痰), thrw rubbish everwhere(乱扔垃圾), cheat in the exa(考试作弊), get in line (插队), fight with sb.(与…打架), punish sb. fr (因…处罚某人)等.the students are tld nt t brea an f the rules f the schl. 学校要求学生不要违反任何规章制度.the students are expected t … 学校期望学生….it ust be ade clear that the students shuld … 必须明确的一点是,学生应该…. … is f n gd t a friendl and harnius sciet. …对创建友好和谐的社会是毫无益处的.it is hnrable t be the principles and rules f ur schl.遵守学校的规章制度是光荣的.it is wrth f praise t ... …是值得表扬的.it is shaeful t … …是可耻的.what we shuld d is that … 我们应该做的事情是…
   话题八:友谊
  get t nw sb.(认识某人), nw sb. reall well(熟知某人), ae friends with sb.(和某人交朋友), a strng persnalit (一个很强的个性), persnal atters(隐私), friendship(友谊), friendl(友好的), a clse friend(一个亲密的朋友), trust each ther (相互信任), precius(珍贵的), wrth(有价值的), understanding(通情达理的), share …with sb.(与…分享…), be lal t(对…忠诚), eep in tuch with sb. (与…保持联系), eep cpan with sb.(和…结交), sta best friends with sb. (和…保持很好的友谊)等.
英语话题作文 篇8   Do you like watching TV during the summer vacation? Why?
  Which place do you like to travel most? Why?
  How do you spend your summer holidays? Can you say something about your school life?
  What birthday present will you give to the members of your family? Why?
  What’s your favourite TV programme?
英语话题作文 篇9   This picture is simple but significant. As is vividly shown in the picture, wearing traditional Chinese costume, a foreigner is saying “Happy New Year” to a Chinese girl in Chinese, even though his pronunciation is not accurate enough. There is no doubt that the picture implies that a growing number of foreigners are starting to be interested in Chinese culture in this day and age.
  Why should this phenomenon take placeThere are generally three factors accounting for it. First of all, due to the fast economic and social development, the world is becoming smaller and smaller. Accordingly, international cultural exchange is becoming increasingly frequent. Besides, learning traditional Chinese culture, which is priceless spiritual treasure, can give those foreign friends a new perspective of the outside world. Last but not least, this kind of cultural exchange is beneficial for both our Chinese and foreign friends to broaden our horizons, widen our knowledge, and eich our experience.
  From what has been discussed above, we may come to a conclusion that our traditional culture is popular among the whole world and should be preserved and cherished. Therefore, the mass media, such as television, radio and Internet should try best to propaganda and advocate it. As for ourselves, we should cultivate the awareness of learning national culture. Only in this way can we have opportunities to expect a more vigorous and prosperous world to come.